Explanations for use of dietary- and muscle enhancing dietary supplements among university students: a national cross-sectional study

Table 1 Participant characteristics presented as means (M) and standard deviation (sd) or total numbers (%)

	Males		Females		P	g/φ
	N	M (sd)	N	M (sd)
Age	335	24.60 (4.83)	666	24.02 (4.71)	.068
BMI (kg × m²)	334	24.55 (3.31)	661	24.00 (4.32)	.024	0.14
Immigration status	334	32 (9.6%)	666	63 (9.5%)	.951
Study program
Exercise science	333	220 (66.1%)	660	297 (45.0%)	< .001	0.20
Other sciences	333	113 (33.9%)	660	363 (55.0%)	< .001	0.20
PA, h/wk	307	9.18 (6.03)	588	7.19 (5.83)	< .001	0.34
Exercise sessions/wk	307	6.00 (2.80)	589	5.23 (2.59)	< .001	0.29
Organized sports members	307	137 (44.6%)	587	185 (31.5%)	< .001	0.13
Fitness center members	307	217 (70.7%)	587	438 (74.6%)	.207
SATAQ-Athletic^*	311	3.12 (0.96)	599	3.06 (0.92)	-
SATAQ-Thin^*	311	2.25 (0.98)	599	4.08 (0.61)	-
SATAQ-General^*	311	3.41 (0.96)	599	2.87 (1.03)	-

Age: years of age. BMI: body mass index (kg/m²). SATAQ-4R: Social attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-4 revised. *SATAQ-4R includes male and female specific items, and gender differences are therefore not evaluated. PA h/wk: physical activity hours per week. Immigration status: the student and/or both parents have immigrated. A p-value of ≤0.05 is set as statistically significant when comparing two groups. g: Hedges’ g represents the effect size for numerical data and φ: Phi-coefficient represents effect size for categorical data and are only presented where there is a significant group difference

ISSN: 2055-0928