Table 2 Characteristics of study population across tertiles (T) of major dietary patterns

N

87

88

87

87

88

87

87

88

87

Age (y)

36.54 ± 1.18

36.00 ± 1.01

36.01 ± 1.00

0.918

35.63 ± 1.11

36.19 ± 1.00

36.73 ± 1.08

0.765

40.34 ± 0.93

37.84 ± 0.94

30.36 ± 0.96

< 0.001

Female

72 (82.7)

69 (78.4)

64 (73.6)

0.075

75 (86.2)

73 (82.9)

57 (65.5)

< 0.001

74 (85.0)

68 (77.3)

63 (72.4)

0.014

Married

63 (72.4)

66 (75.0)

66 (75.8)

0.543

62 (71.3)

66 (75.0)

67 (77.0)

0.311

73 (83.9)

70 (79.5)

52 (59.8)

< 0.001

Current smoker

11 (12.6)

13 (14.8)

13 (14.9)

0.513

13 (14.9)

10 (11.4)

14 (16.1)

0.744

9 (10.3)

14 (15.9)

14 (16.1)

0.102

Number of family members

3.50 ± 0.11

3.38 ± 0.10

3.67 ± 0.12

0.199

3.30 ± 0.11

3.52 ± 0.10

3.73 ± 0.11

0.023

3.69 ± 0.11

3.41 ± 0.10

3.45 ± 0.11

0.152

Weight (kg)

65.94 ± 1.28

68.61 ± 1.25

68.94 ± 1.33

0.201

66.60 ± 1.22

66.56 ± 1.14

70.34 ± 1.46

0.060

67.84 ± 1.18

66.73 ± 1.22

68.92 ± 1.47

0.490

Height (cm)

161.39 ± 0.93

163.07 ± 0.91

164.19 ± 0.95

0.107

161.97 ± 0.86

162.32 ± 0.89

164.36 ± 1.04

0.151

160.76 ± 0.90

162.39 ± 0.90

165.50 ± 0.93

0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

25.30 ± 0.42

25.80 ± 0.41

25.52 ± 0.40

0.695

25.34 ± 0.39

25.31 ± 0.42

25.96 ± 0.41

0.454

26.24 ± 0.39

25.31 ± 0.42

25.07 ± 0.41

0.107

Physical activity (MET/h/d)

5.05 ± 1.23

9.98 ± 2.30

15.12 ± 3.62

0.024

7.52 ± 1.58

10.16 ± 1.92

12.47 ± 3.78

0.410

8.00 ± 2.09

12.27 ± 3.43

9.88 ± 2.09

0.514

MAP (mmHg)

88.61 ± 0.82

87.66 ± 0.90

88.37 ± 0.79

0.707

88.26 ± 0.82

86.81 ± 0.98

89.57 ± 0.64

0.065

88.47 ± 0.75

88.79 ± 0.79

87.38 ± 0.95

0.463

MHIS

39.34 ± 6.08

61.16 ± 9.37

55.42 ± 7.26

0.118

60.72 ± 7.95

48.94 ± 7.89

46.26 ± 7.35

0.374

56.12 ± 8.83

55.50 ± 7.01

44.31 ± 7.26

0.480

 Taking beta-blockers

37 (42.5)

36 (40.9)

34 (39.1)

0.611

35 (40.2)

36 (40.9)

36 (41.4)

0.865

33 (37.9)

37 (42.0)

37 (42.5)

0.498

 Taking topitamate

10 (11.5)

11 (12.5)

14 (16.1)

0.162

15 (17.2)

10 (11.4)

10 (11.5)

0.081

13 (14.9)

11 (12.5)

11 (12.6)

0.485

 Taking TCAs

33 (37.9)

43 (48.9)

45 (51.7)

0.046

37 (42.5)

44 (50.0)

40 (46.0)

0.619

39 (44.8)

42 (47.7)

40 (46.0)

0.868

 Taking TeCAs

12 (13.8)

9 (10.2)

8 (9.2)

0.060

10 (11.5)

11 (12.5)

8 (9.2)

0.348

7 (8.0)

12 (13.6)

10 (11.5)

0.159

 Taking SNRIs

10 (11.5)

13 (14.8)

10 (11.5)

> 0.99

10 (11.5)

13 (14.8)

10 (11.5)

> 0.99

9 (10.3)

13 (14.8)

11 (12.6)

0.450

 Taking sodium valproate

18 (20.7)

19 (21.6)

14 (16.1)

0.330

18 (20.7)

14 (15.9)

19 (21.8)

0.808

17 (19.5)

17 (19.3)

17 (19.5)

> 0.99

 Taking triptans

19 (21.8)

24 (27.3)

16 (18.4)

0.509

20 (23.0)

20 (22.7)

19 (21.8)

0.826

18 (20.7)

22 (25.0)

19 (21.8)

0.826

 Taking gabapentin

20 (23.0)

17 (19.3)

14 (16.1)

0.144

20 (23.0)

18 (20.4)

13 (14.9)

0.088

17 (19.5)

18 (20.4)

16 (18.4)

0.808

 Taking benzodiazepine

12 (13.8)

12 (13.6)

9 (10.3)

0.257

10 (11.5)

13 (14.8)

10 (11.5)

> 0.99

11 (12.6)

11 (12.5)

11 (12.6)

> 0.99

 Total energy intake (kcal/d)

2380.93 ± 64.15

2564.83 ± 64.82

3015.63 ± 67.72

< 0.001

2430.56 ± 73.32

2640.99 ± 64.37

2889.84 ± 69.84

< 0.001

2271.05 ± 51.22

2670.14 ± 62.69

3020.20 ± 73.54

< 0.001

 Carbohydrate (g/d)

320.08 ± 10.82

348.78 ± 10.70

415.92 ± 11.42

< 0.001

324.23 ± 11.82

363.45 ± 10.61

397.11 ± 11.83

< 0.001

303.03 ± 8.23

368.29 ± 11.40

413.47 ± 12.08

< 0.001

 Protein (g/d)

57.71 ± 2.35

70.72 ± 2.52

91.76 ± 3.31

< 0.001

69.03 ± 3.29

74.70 ± 3.25

76.45 ± 3.04

0.232

57.37 ± 2.15

71.44 ± 2.64

91.38 ± 3.36

< 0.001

 Fat (g/d)

103.54 ± 3.52

107.28 ± 2.84

122.10 ± 3.26

< 0.001

104.36 ± 2.92

109.06 ± 3.21

119.50 ± 3.63

0.004

99.98 ± 3.13

110.58 ± 3.08

122.37 ± 3.30

< 0.001