Table 5 Nutritional status of older adults in Metu district, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 610)
Variables | Residence | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Urban N (%) | Rural N (%) | Overall N (%) | |
Malnutrition | |||
 Yes | 30(9.9%) | 77(25.2%) | 107(17.5%) |
 No | 274(90.1%) | 229(74.8%) | 503(82.5%) |
Has food intake declined over the past 3Â months | |||
 Yes | 47(15.5%) | 121(39.5%) | 168(27.5%) |
 No | 257(84.5%) | 185(60.5%) | 442(72.5%) |
Weight loss during the last 3Â months | |||
 Weight loss greater than 3 kg | 4(1.3%) | 6(2.0%) | 10(1.6%) |
 Dose not know | 41(13.5%) | 178(58.2%) | 219(35.9%) |
 Weight loss between 1 and 3 kg | 0 | 7(2.3%) | 7(1.1%) |
 No Weight loss | 259(85.2%) | 115(37.6%) | 374(61.3%) |
Mobility | |||
 Bed or chair bound | 8(2.6%) | 4(1.3%) | 12(2.0%) |
 Able to get out of bed /chair but does not go out | 27(8.9%) | 47(15.4%) | 74(12.1%) |
 goes out | 269(88.5%) | 255(83.3%) | 524(85.9%) |
Has suffered psychological stress or acute disease in the past 3Â months | |||
 Yes | 35(11.5%) | 53(17.3%) | 88(14.4%) |
 No | 269(88.5%) | 253(82.7%) | 522(85.6%) |
Neuropsychological problem | |||
 Severe dementia or depression | 19(6.3%) | 4(1.3%) | 23(3.8%) |
 Mild dementia | 12(3.9%) | 44(14.4%) | 56(9.2%) |
 No psychological problem | 273(89.8%) | 258(84.3%) | 531(87.0%) |
Body Mass Index (BMI) | |||
 BMI less than 19 | 32(10.5%) | 59(19.3%) | 91(14.9%) |
 BMI 19 to less than 21 | 75(24.7%) | 70(22.9%) | 145(23.8%) |
 BMI 21 to less than 23 | 126(41.4%) | 118(38.6%) | 244(40.0%) |
 BMI 23 or greater | 71(23.4%) | 59(19.3%) | 130(21.3%) |
Lives independently (not in a nursing home or hospital | |||
 Yes | 304(100.0%) | 306(100.0%) | 610(100.0%) |
 No | 0 | 0 | 0(0.0%) |
Takes more than 3 prescription drugs per day | |||
 Yes | 22(7.2%) | 19(6.2%) | 41(6.7%) |
 No | 282(92.8%) | 287(93.8%) | 569(93.3%) |
Pressure sores or skin ulcers | |||
 Yes | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 No | 304(100.0%) | 306(100.0%) | 610(100.0%) |
How many full meals does the client eat daily | |||
 1 Meal | 6(2.0%) | 16(5.2%) | 22(3.6%) |
 2 Meal | 27(8.9%) | 122(39.9%) | 149(24.4%) |
 3 Meal | 271(89.1%) | 168(54.9%) | 439(72.0%) |
Selected consumption markers for protein intake (Meat, fish, or poultry every day) | |||
 No | 299(98.4%) | 297(97.1%) | 596(97.7%) |
 Yes | 5(1.6%) | 9(2.9%) | 14(2.3%) |
Consume two or more servings of fruit or vegetable per day | |||
 Yes | 66(10.8%) | 44(7.2%) | 110(18.1%) |
 No | 238(39.0%) | 278(45.5%) | 500(81.9%) |
How much fluid (water, juice, coffee, tea, milk..) is consumed per day | |||
 Less than 3 cups | 41(13.5%) | 102(33.3%) | 143(23.4%) |
 3 to 5 cups | 44(14.5%) | 184(60.1%) | 228(37.4%) |
 More than 5 cups | 219(72.0%) | 20(6.5%) | 239(39.2%) |
Mode of feeding | |||
 Self–fed with some difficulty | 58(19.1%) | 75(24.5%) | 133(21.8%) |
 Self–fed without any problem | 246(85.2%) | 231(75.5%) | 477(78.2%) |
Self–view of nutritional status | |||
 View self as being malnourished | 34(11.2%) | 19(6.2%) | 53(8.7%) |
 Is uncertain of nutritional status | 39(12.8%) | 160(52.3%) | 199(32.6%) |
 View self as having no nutritional problem | 231(76.0%) | 127(41.5%) | 358(58.7%) |
In comparison with other people of the same age, how does the client consider his /her health status? | |||
 Not as good | 29(9.5%) | 33(10.8%) | 62(10.2%) |
 Dose not know | 11(3.6%) | 165(53.9%) | 176(28.9%) |
 As good | 76(25.0%) | 64(20.9%) | 140(23.0%) |
 Better | 188(61.8%) | 44(14.4%) | 232(38.0%) |
Mid–arm circumference (MAC) in cc | |||
 MUAC less than 21 | 48(15.8%) | 65(21.2%) | 113(18.5%) |
 MUAC 21 to 22 | 63(20.7%) | 52(17.0%) | 115(18.9%) |
 MUAC greater than 22 | 193(63.5%) | 189(61.8%) | 382(62.6%) |
Calf circumference (CC) in cm | |||
 CC less than 31 | 60(20.1%) | 97(31.7%) | 158(25.9%) |
 CC 31 or greater | 243(79.9%) | 209(68.3%) | 452(74.1%) |