Pomegranate juice intake enhances the effects of aerobic training on insulin resistance and liver enzymes in type 2 diabetic men: a single-blind controlled trial

Table 2 Mean ± SD of the Variables before and after the intervention among the groups

Variables	AT + PJI (n = 9)	AT (n = 10)	PJI (n = 9)	C (n = 10)	P-Value ^a
Age (years)	43.22 ± 2.48	42.60 ± 1.89	41.33 ± 1.50	41.81 ± 1.88	0.336
Height	162 ± 54.18	166 ± 5.45	164.55 ± 4.79	164.45 ± 5.78	0.393
Body Weight (Kg)
Before	90.44 ± 4.92	88.80 ± 3.35	88.44 ± 2.50	90.09 ± 4.20
After	85.22 ± 2.81	85.20 ± 3.45	86.22 ± 2.77	92.45 ± 5
P†	0.001*	0.001*	0.003*	0.001*
Δ	−5.22 ± 2.11 ^β	−3.60 ± 0.10 ^β	− 2.22 ± 0.02 ^β	2.36 ± 0.80	0.001 ¥
BMI (kg/m²)
Before	34.55 ± 3.14	32.28 ± 1.78	32.69 ± 1.30	33.34 ± 1.51
After	32.54 ± 2.25	30.97 ± 1.73	31.86 ± 1.13	34.22 ± 1.88
P†	0.001*	0.018*	0.033*	0.028*
Δ	−2.01 ± 0.89 ^β	−1.31 ± 0.05 ^β	−0.86 ± 0.17 ^β	0.88 ± 0.37	0.002 ^¥
Body Fat Percent (%)
Before	37.55 ± 3.04	36.10 ± 3.41	35.33 ± 3.31	35.27 ± 3.52
After	31.66 ± 3.53	31.10 ± 3.84	34.11 ± 2.61	36.81 ± 3.76
P†	0.001*	0.001*	0.016*	0.001*
Δ	−5.89 ± 0.49 ^β	−5 ± 0.43 ^β	−1.22 ± 0.70 ^β	1.54 ± 0.24	0.002 ^¥
WHR
Before	0.99 ± 0.06	0.98 ± 0.04	0.97 ± 0.03	0.98 ± 0.02
After	0.95 ± 0.02	0.96 ± 0.01	0.95 ± 0.02	0.99 ± 0.03
P†	0.001*	0.001*	0.001*	0.002*
Δ	−0.04 ± 0.04 ^β	−0.02 ± 0.03 ^β	−0.02 ± 0.01 ^β	0.01 ± 0.01	0.028 ^¥

AT + PJI Aerobic training + pomegranate juice intake group, AT Aerobic training group, PJI pomegranate juice intake group, C the control group
*Data analysis was done by the analysis of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference post-hoc Tukey’s test after adjustment for baseline values; P†: Statistical analysis was done by paired sample t-test
*: Significantly different in comparison pre and post within the groups
¥: Significantly different comparing Δ between groups
β: Significantly different compared with C

ISSN: 2055-0928