Author, publication year | Study design | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | Score | Interpretation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representativeness of the sample | Sample size | Nonrespondents | Ascertainment of exposure | Based on design and analysis | Assessment of outcome | Statistical test | ||||
Costarelli et al., 2012 [14] | Cross-sectional | + | + + | + | + | 5 | High risk of bias | |||
Muros et al., 2016 [15] | Cross-sectional | + | + | + + | + + | + | 7 | Low risk of bias | ||
Zervaki et al., 2017 [16] | Cross-sectional | + + | + | + | 4 | High risk of bias | ||||
Evaristo et al., 2018 [17] | Cross-sectional | + | + | + | + + | + + | + | + | 9 | Low risk of bias |
Esteban-Gonzalo et al., 2019* [18] | Cross-sectional | + + | + | + | + | 5 | High risk of bias | |||
Ferrer-Cascales et al., 2019 [19] | Cross-sectional | + | + | + | + + | + + | + | 8 | Low risk of bias | |
Delgado-Floody et al., 2020 [20] | Cross-sectional | + | + + | + | + | + | 6 | High risk of bias | ||
Rodriguez-Rosado et al., 2020 [21] | Cross-sectional | + + | + | + | 4 | High risk of bias | ||||
Caamaño-Navarrete et al., 2021 [22] | Cross-sectional | + | + | + + | + | + | + | 7 | Low risk of bias | |
Mitri et al., 2021 [23] | Cross-sectional | + | + | + + | + | + | 6 | High risk of bias | ||
Mozzillo et al., 2021 [24] | Cross-sectional | + | + + | + | + | + | 6 | High risk of bias |