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Table 6 Risk factors for postpartum anaemia (bivariate analysis) (n = 405)

From: Risk factors of anaemia among postpartum women in Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana

Variable

Total

Postpartum Anaemia

Test Statistics

  

No, Freq (%)

Yes, Freq (%)

 

Maternal age (years)

   

X2 = 2.1; p = 0.350

 18–25

108

52 (48.1)

56 (51.9)

 

 26–30

145

77 (53.1)

68 (46.9)

 

 31 + 

152

87 (57.2)

65 (42.8)

 

Education

   

X2 = 36.5; p < 0.001

 None

83

33 (39.8)

50 (60.2)

 

 Primary

77

39 (50.6)

38 (49.4)

 

 Secondary

118

49 (41.5)

69 (58.5)

 

 Tertiary

127

95 (74.8)

32 (25.2)

 

Marital status

   

X2 = 5.2; p = 0.076

 Single

27

11 (40.7)

16 (59.3)

 

 Married

360

199 (55.3)

161 (44.7)

 

 Separated

18

6 (33.3)

12 (66.7)

 

Religion

   

X2 = 6.3; p = 0.043

 Christian

260

150 (57.7)

110 (42.3)

 

 Islamic

121

57 (47.1)

64 (52.9)

 

 Others

24

9 (37.5)

15 (62.5)

 

Occupation

   

X2 = 33.7; p < 0.001

 Trader

119

57 (47.9)

62 (52.1)

 

 Agricultural and service worker

111

53 (47.7)

58 (52.3)

 

 Office, educational and health worker

115

86 (74.8)

29 (25.2)

 

 Housewife

60

20 (33.3)

40 (66.7)

 

Ethnicity

   

X2 = 8.3; p = 0.040

 Frafra

246

131 (53.3)

115 (46.7)

 

 Kusaasi

66

44 (66.7)

22 (33.3)

 

 Bulisa or Talansi

51

21 (41.2)

30 (58.8)

 

 Others

42

20 (47.6)

22 (52.4)

 

Gravidity

   

X2 = 1.1; p = 0.289

 1–3

320

175 (54.7)

145 (45.3)

 

 4 + 

85

41 (48.2)

44 (51.8)

 

Parity

   

X2 = 0.3; p = 0.590

 1–4

384

206 (53.6)

178 (46.4)

 

 5 + 

21

10 (47.6)

11 (52.4)

 

Household wealth tertile

   

X2 = 33.6; p < 0.001

 Poorest

137

48 (35.0)

89 (65.0)

 

 Medium

140

78 (55.7)

62 (44.3)

 

 Richest

128

90 (70.3)

38 (29.7)

 

Inter-pregnancy interval

   

X2 = 4.7; p = 0.029

< 24 months

118

53 (44.9)

65 (55.1)

 

>  = 24 months

287

163 (56.8)

124 (43.2)

 

Mode of delivery

   

X2 = 0.1; p = 0.791

 Caesarean section

58

30 (51.7)

28 (48.3)

 

 Spontaneous vaginal delivery

347

186 (53.6)

161 (46.4)

 

Minimum dietary diversity – women

   

X2 = 52.4; p < 0.001

 No

144

42 (29.2)

102 (70.8)

 

 Yes

261

174 (66.7)

87 (33.3)

 

IFA knowledge index

   

X2 = 42.9; p < 0.001

 Low

237

94 (39.7)

143 (60.3)

 

 High

168

122 (72.6)

46 (27.4)

 

Anaemia knowledge index

   

X2 = 41.1; p < 0.001

 Low

234

93 (39.7)

141 (60.3)

 

 High

171

123 (71.9)

48 (28.1)

 

Composite index of IFA, iron and anaemia

   

X2 = 43.2; p < 0.001

 Low

239

95 (39.7)

144 (60.3)

 

 High

166

121 (72.9)

45 (27.1)

 

First trimester pregnancy anaemia

   

X2 = 85.7; p < 0.001

 No

284

194 (68.3)

90 (31.7)

 

 Yes

121

22 (18.2)

99 (81.8)

 

Third trimester pregnancy anaemia

   

X2 = 109.2; p < 0.001

 No

243

181 (74.5)

62 (25.5)

 

 Yes

162

35 (21.6)

127 (78.4)

 

Regularly takes IFA in pregnancy

   

X2 = 0.0; p = 0.909

 No

23

12 (52.2)

11 (47.8)

 

 Yes

382

204 (53.4)

178 (46.6)