From: Risk factors of anaemia among postpartum women in Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana
Variable | Total | Postpartum Anaemia | Test Statistics | |
---|---|---|---|---|
No, Freq (%) | Yes, Freq (%) | |||
Maternal age (years) | X2 = 2.1; p = 0.350 | |||
18–25 | 108 | 52 (48.1) | 56 (51.9) | |
26–30 | 145 | 77 (53.1) | 68 (46.9) | |
31 + | 152 | 87 (57.2) | 65 (42.8) | |
Education | X2 = 36.5; p < 0.001 | |||
None | 83 | 33 (39.8) | 50 (60.2) | |
Primary | 77 | 39 (50.6) | 38 (49.4) | |
Secondary | 118 | 49 (41.5) | 69 (58.5) | |
Tertiary | 127 | 95 (74.8) | 32 (25.2) | |
Marital status | X2 = 5.2; p = 0.076 | |||
Single | 27 | 11 (40.7) | 16 (59.3) | |
Married | 360 | 199 (55.3) | 161 (44.7) | |
Separated | 18 | 6 (33.3) | 12 (66.7) | |
Religion | X2 = 6.3; p = 0.043 | |||
Christian | 260 | 150 (57.7) | 110 (42.3) | |
Islamic | 121 | 57 (47.1) | 64 (52.9) | |
Others | 24 | 9 (37.5) | 15 (62.5) | |
Occupation | X2 = 33.7; p < 0.001 | |||
Trader | 119 | 57 (47.9) | 62 (52.1) | |
Agricultural and service worker | 111 | 53 (47.7) | 58 (52.3) | |
Office, educational and health worker | 115 | 86 (74.8) | 29 (25.2) | |
Housewife | 60 | 20 (33.3) | 40 (66.7) | |
Ethnicity | X2 = 8.3; p = 0.040 | |||
Frafra | 246 | 131 (53.3) | 115 (46.7) | |
Kusaasi | 66 | 44 (66.7) | 22 (33.3) | |
Bulisa or Talansi | 51 | 21 (41.2) | 30 (58.8) | |
Others | 42 | 20 (47.6) | 22 (52.4) | |
Gravidity | X2 = 1.1; p = 0.289 | |||
1–3 | 320 | 175 (54.7) | 145 (45.3) | |
4 + | 85 | 41 (48.2) | 44 (51.8) | |
Parity | X2 = 0.3; p = 0.590 | |||
1–4 | 384 | 206 (53.6) | 178 (46.4) | |
5 + | 21 | 10 (47.6) | 11 (52.4) | |
Household wealth tertile | X2 = 33.6; p < 0.001 | |||
Poorest | 137 | 48 (35.0) | 89 (65.0) | |
Medium | 140 | 78 (55.7) | 62 (44.3) | |
Richest | 128 | 90 (70.3) | 38 (29.7) | |
Inter-pregnancy interval | X2 = 4.7; p = 0.029 | |||
< 24 months | 118 | 53 (44.9) | 65 (55.1) | |
> = 24 months | 287 | 163 (56.8) | 124 (43.2) | |
Mode of delivery | X2 = 0.1; p = 0.791 | |||
Caesarean section | 58 | 30 (51.7) | 28 (48.3) | |
Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 347 | 186 (53.6) | 161 (46.4) | |
Minimum dietary diversity – women | X2 = 52.4; p < 0.001 | |||
No | 144 | 42 (29.2) | 102 (70.8) | |
Yes | 261 | 174 (66.7) | 87 (33.3) | |
IFA knowledge index | X2 = 42.9; p < 0.001 | |||
Low | 237 | 94 (39.7) | 143 (60.3) | |
High | 168 | 122 (72.6) | 46 (27.4) | |
Anaemia knowledge index | X2 = 41.1; p < 0.001 | |||
Low | 234 | 93 (39.7) | 141 (60.3) | |
High | 171 | 123 (71.9) | 48 (28.1) | |
Composite index of IFA, iron and anaemia | X2 = 43.2; p < 0.001 | |||
Low | 239 | 95 (39.7) | 144 (60.3) | |
High | 166 | 121 (72.9) | 45 (27.1) | |
First trimester pregnancy anaemia | X2 = 85.7; p < 0.001 | |||
No | 284 | 194 (68.3) | 90 (31.7) | |
Yes | 121 | 22 (18.2) | 99 (81.8) | |
Third trimester pregnancy anaemia | X2 = 109.2; p < 0.001 | |||
No | 243 | 181 (74.5) | 62 (25.5) | |
Yes | 162 | 35 (21.6) | 127 (78.4) | |
Regularly takes IFA in pregnancy | X2 = 0.0; p = 0.909 | |||
No | 23 | 12 (52.2) | 11 (47.8) | |
Yes | 382 | 204 (53.4) | 178 (46.6) |