The prevalence and socio-demographic risk factors of coexistence of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under five years in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Table 1 Background characteristics of the children

Factors	Survey year 2014		Survey year 2017/2018
Factors	Frequency	(%)	Frequency	(%)
Mother's education
No education	1,010	15.3	521	7.1
Primary	1,823	27.6	2,098	28.5
Secondary	3,067	46.4	3,498	47.5
Higher	710	10.7	1,240	16.9
Mother's working status
Currently not working	4,937	74.7	4,375	59.5
Currently working	1,673	25.3	2,982	40.5
Mother's BMI
Underweight	1,506	22.8	1,108	15.0
Normal	3,825	57.9	4,339	59.0
Overweight	1,279	19.3	1,910	26.0
Mother's religion
Islam	6,060	91.7	6,712	91.2
Others	550	8.3	645	8.8
Children's age (in months)
0–11	1,335	20.2	1,694	23.1
12–23	1,392	21.1	1,525	20.7
24–35	1,334	20.2	1,404	19.1
36–47	1,280	19.4	1,311	17.8
48–59	1,269	19.2	1,423	19.3
Sex of child
Male	3,413	51.6	3,858	52.4
Female	3,197	48.4	3,499	47.6
Birth order
First	2,525	38.2	2,727	37.1
Second	1,998	30.2	2,431	33.0
Third	1,057	16.0	1,261	17.1
Fourth and above	1,030	15.6	938	12.8
Size of child at birth ^{a, b}
Normal/average	3,812	93.9	1,784	38.6
Small	248	6.1	325	7.0
Not weighted			2,518	54.4
Age of household head (in years)
15–34	2,361	35.7	2,465	33.5
35–54	2,810	42.5	3,101	42.2
55–74	1,233	18.6	1,583	21.5
75 and above	206	3.2	208	2.8
Sex of household head
Male	5,982	90.5	6,461	87.8
Female	628	9.5	896	12.2
Television watching
Not at all/do not know	2,707	40.9	2,783	37.8
Less than once a week	598	9.1	658	9.0
At least once a week	3,305	50.0	3,916	53.2
Wealth index ^c
Poorest	1,417	21.4	1,621	22.0
Poorer	1,231	18.6	1,476	20.1
Middle	1,308	19.8	1,325	18.0
Richer	1,366	20.7	1,479	20.1
Richest	1,288	19.5	1,456	19.8
Place of residence
Urban	2,107	31.9	2,520	34.3
Rural	4,503	68.1	4,837	65.7
Total	6,610	100.0	7,357	100.0

ISSN: 2055-0928