Parameters | Placebo (n = 31) | DRB (n = 30) |
---|---|---|
Anthropometrics parameters | ||
Age (years) | 31.71 ± 12.27 | 36.87 ± 12.30 |
Sex | ||
    Female | 23 (74.2%) | 21 (70.0%) |
    Male | 8 (25.8%) | 9 (30.0%) |
Height (cm) | 163.48 ± 9.16 | 162.08 ± 8.26 |
Body weight (kg) | 75.38 ± 15.56 | 77.76 ± 16.75 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.10 ± 4.50 | 29.45 ± 4.57 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 93.60 ± 11.03 | 95.09 ± 10.86 |
Fat mass (kg) | 27.68 ± 10.26 | 30.21 ± 10.20 |
Fat-free mass (kg) | 47.74 ± 10.82 | 47.48 ± 10.43 |
Muscle mass (kg) | 45.02 ± 10.38 | 44.52 ± 10.48 |
Relative fat mass | 37.60 ± 6.63 | 38.30 ± 5.58 |
Visceral adiposity index | 2.07 ± 1.00 | 1.64 ± 0.96 |
SBP (mmHg) | 122.13 ± 15.05 | 126.20 ± 13.63 |
DBP (mmHg) | 78.45 ± 10.32 | 80.87 ± 7.38 |
Blood biochemical parameters | ||
  FBG (mg/dL) | 99.13 ± 27.95 | 94.93 ± 22.79 |
  HbA1c (%) | 5.89 ± 0.67 | 5.89 ± 0.76 |
  Serum Insulin (uIU/mL) | 9.16 ± 4.28 | 8.50 ± 4.37 |
  HOMA-IR | 2.10 ± 1.04 | 2.14 ± 1.50 |
  QUICKI | 0.35 ± 0.03 | 0.35 ± 0.03 |
  TC (mg/dL) | 236.32 ± 30.44 | 242.00 ± 46.45 |
  TG (mg/dL) | 131.27 ± 58.99 | 121.52 ± 64.94 |
  LDL-c (mg/dL) | 158.94 ± 33.57 | 165.40 ± 37.69 |
  HDL-c (mg/dL) | 51.35 ± 10.21 | 57.7 ± 13.21* |
  LDL:HDL ratio | 3.19 ± 0.80 | 3.06 ± 0.87 |
  hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.74 ± 1.91 | 1.88 ± 1.59 |
  Homocysteine (μmol/L) | 10.69 ± 3.07 | 11.37 ± 3.29 |
Dietary intake | ||
  Energy (kcal/day) | 1,689.29 ± 428.64 | 1,770.4 ± 257.16 |
  Carbohydrate (g/day) | 212.29 ± 57.58 | 225.37 ± 45.77 |
  Protein (g/day) | 74.09 ± 31.16 | 71.94 ± 15.24 |
  Fat (g/day) | 60.81 ± 20.72 | 64.80 ± 16.39 |
Energy distribution | ||
  Carbohydrate (%) | 51.35 ± 7.03 | 51.35 ± 7.53 |
  Protein (%) | 17.10 ± 4.58 | 16.37 ± 2.86 |
  Fat (%) | 31.55 ± 6.04 | 32.28 ± 6.37 |
Gastrointestinal symptoms parameters | ||
  Flatulence | 0.4 ± 0.82 | 0.41 ± 0.68 |
  Borborygmi | 0.63 ± 0.72 | 0.59 ± 0.82 |
  Nausea | 0.07 ± 0.25 | 0.10 ± 0.56 |
  Vomiting | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.07 ± 0.37 |
  Stomach pain | 0.27 ± 0.69 | 0.17 ± 0.47 |
  Passing flatus | 0.73 ± 0.91 | 0.66 ± 0.81 |
  Bristol stool form | 4.37 ± 1.38 | 4.17 ± 1.23 |