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Table 3 Comparison of anthropometric, blood biochemical, and dietary intake parameters of the placebo (n = 31) and DRB (n = 30) groups

From: Effect of defatted rice bran supplementation on metabolic parameters and inflammatory status in overweight/obese adults with hypercholesterolemia: a randomized, placebo-controlled intervention

Parameters

Placebo (n = 31)

Mean change

DRB (n = 30)

Mean change

Baseline

Week 6

Week 12

Baseline

Week 6

Week 12

Anthropometric parameters

  Body weight (kg)

75.38 ± 15.56

75.3 ± 15.63

75.28 ± 15.29

 − 0.10 ± 1.80

77.76 ± 16.75

78.00 ± 16.60

77.99 ± 16.51

0.20 ± 1.39

  BMI (kg/m2)

28.10 ± 4.50

28.12 ± 4.56

28.13 ± 4.56

0.03 ± 0.71

29.45 ± 4.57

29.52 ± 4.64

29.55 ± 4.66

0.06 ± 0.63

  Waist circumference (cm)

93.60 ± 11.03

93.31 ± 11.24

93.44 ± 11.27

 − 0.16 ± 1.19

95.09 ± 10.86

95.40 ± 11.06

95.28 ± 10.81

0.15 ± 0.93

  Fat mass (kg)

27.68 ± 10.26

27.59 ± 10.54

27.43 ± 10.03

 − 0.25 ± 1.68

30.21 ± 10.20

30.26 ± 10.52

30.46 ± 10.26

0.23 ± 1.33

  Fat-free mass (kg)

47.74 ± 10.82

47.82 ± 10.70

47.69 ± 10.99

 − 0.05 ± 1.16

47.48 ± 10.43

47.48 ± 10.25

47.60 ± 10.41

0.10 ± 1.09

  Muscle mass (kg)

45.02 ± 10.38

45.10 ± 10.25

45.03 ± 10.62

0.02 ± 1.09

44.52 ± 10.48

44.90 ± 9.94

44.93 ± 10.02

0.37 ± 2.26

  Relative fat mass

37.60 ± 6.63

37.47 ± 6.66

37.52 ± 6.62

 − 0.08 ± 0.49

38.30 ± 5.58

38.39 ± 5.69

38.37 ± 5.68

0.05 ± 0.31

  Visceral adiposity index

2.07 ± 1.00

2.07 ± 0.96

2.01 ± 0.99

 − 0.04 ± 0.69

1.64 ± 0.96

1.50 ± 0.67

1.54 ± 0.93

 − 0.13 ± 0.77

  SBP (mmHg)

122.13 ± 15.05

121.32 ± 14.60

123.52 ± 13.93

1.39 ± 9.67

126.20 ± 13.63a

123.33 ± 13.07a,b

120.60 ± 13.72b

 − 5.6 ± 8.37

  DBP (mmHg)

78.45 ± 10.32

80.00 ± 8.19

79.19 ± 8.81

0.74 ± 7.13

80.87 ± 7.38a

77.40 ± 10.89b

77.17 ± 9.83c

 − 3.7 ± 7.50

Blood biochemical parameters

  FBG (mg/dL)

99.13 ± 27.95

100.35 ± 30.88

101.19 ± 31.79

2.06 ± 9.27

94.93 ± 22.79

96.60 ± 21.98

96.57 ± 22.40

1.63 ± 6.88

  HbA1c (%)

5.89 ± 0.67a

5.81 ± 0.79a,b

5.78 ± 0.69b

 − 0.11 ± 0.18

5.89 ± 0.76a

5.77 ± 0.70b

5.66 ± 0.62c

 − 0.23 ± 0.28

  Insulin (uIU/mL)

9.16 ± 4.28

8.86 ± 4.59

8.99 ± 5.04

 − 0.35 ± 2.87

8.50 ± 4.37

8.25 ± 3.26

8.38 ± 3.88

 − 0.13 ± 2.40

  HOMA-IR

2.10 ± 1.04

2.06 ± 1.08

2.10 ± 1.29

0.07 ± 0.77

2.14 ± 1.50

2.13 ± 1.46

2.15 ± 1.53

0.01 ± 0.58

  QUICKI

0.35 ± 0.03

0.35 ± 0.04

0.35 ± 0.04

0.00 ± 0.02

0.35 ± 0.03

0.35 ± 0.04

0.35 ± 0.03

 − 0.00 ± 0.02

  TC (mg/dL)

236.32 ± 30.44

230.94 ± 34.40

238.03 ± 36.59

1.71 ± 20.03

246.40 ± 45.22

242.00 ± 46.45

238.27 ± 47.31

 − 8.13 ± 22.43

  TG (mg/dL)

131.27 ± 58.99

133.4 ± 59.42

130.10 ± 53.52

2.00 ± 43.71

121.52 ± 64.94

112 ± 46.87

112.24 ± 54.46

 − 11.07 ± 56.02

  LDL (mg/dL)

158.94 ± 33.57a

164.58 ± 36.83a,b

169.58 ± 35.11b

10.65 ± 22.55

168.73 ± 37.59

165.40 ± 37.69

166.27 ± 41.54

 − 2.47 ± 16.95

  HDL (mg/dL)

51.35 ± 10.21

52.35 ± 11.10

53.23 ± 11.69

1.87 ± 6.32

57.7 ± 13.21

56.97 ± 14.42

57.63 ± 14.73

 − 0.07 ± 7.05

  LDL:HDL ratio

3.19 ± 0.80

3.25 ± 0.84

3.32 ± 0.93

0.14 ± 0.38

3.06 ± 0.87

3.04 ± 0.87

3.02 ± 0.86

 − 0.04 ± 0.43

  hs-CRP (mg/L)

2.74 ± 1.91

3.11 ± 3.30

2.79 ± 2.35

 − 0.55 ± 3.21

1.88 ± 1.59

2.28 ± 1.83

2.09 ± 1.94

0.22 ± 1.35

  Homocysteine (μmol/L)

10.69 ± 3.07

10.37 ± 2.87

11.06 ± 2.46

0.36 ± 2.99

11.37 ± 3.29

11.10 ± 3.12

10.98 ± 3.20

 − 0.39 ± 2.30

Dietary intake parameters

  Energy (kcal/day)

1,689.29 ± 428.64

1,715.08 ± 460.73

1,777.30 ± 444.95

88.01 ± 949.19

1,770.40 ± 257.16a

1,723.56 ± 374.34a,b

1,646.16 ± 339.87b

 − 124.24 ± 381.77

  Carbohydrate (g/day)

212.29 ± 57.58

230.65 ± 77.81

233.93 ± 178.47

21.64 ± 184.05

225.37 ± 45.77

226.04 ± 42.55

216.55 ± 51.27

 − 8.83 ± 58.16

  Protein (g/day)

74.09 ± 31.16

69.65 ± 19.11

72.00 ± 32.94

 − 2.09 ± 23.98

71.94 ± 15.24

72.54 ± 17.62

71.45 ± 14.28

 − 0.49 ± 21.40

  Fat (g/day)

60.81 ± 20.72

56.72 ± 18.77

60.86 ± 26.05

0.05 ± 25.33

64.80 ± 16.39a

58.84 ± 22.20a,b

59.62 ± 21.88b

 − 9.77 ± 19.62

Energy distribution

  Carbohydrate (%)

51.35 ± 7.03

53.12 ± 7.22

55.22 ± 28.18

3.87 ± 29.82

51.35 ± 7.53

51.63 ± 6.31

51.08 ± 5.47

 − 0.27 ± 7.27

  Protein (%)

17.10 ± 4.58

16.77 ± 3.06

17.99 ± 5.07

0.88 ± 4.90

16.37 ± 2.86

16.55 ± 2.47

17.34 ± 2.75

0.97 ± 3.70

  Fat (%)

31.55 ± 6.04

30.11 ± 6.06

33.46 ± 8.33

1.92 ± 9.24

32.28 ± 6.37

31.82 ± 6.26

31.58 ± 6.06

 − 0.70 ± 6.85

  Dietary fiber (g/day)

6.98 ± 3.28

6.25 ± 2.88

7.47 ± 5.91

0.49 ± 5.57

9.48 ± 5.35a

15.40 ± 2.99b

15.38 ± 3.33c*

5.90 ± 5.45

  1. All values are expressed as the mean ± SD. Significant differences at each follow-up time within a group were determined by repeated measures ANOVA. Significant difference between two study groups were determined by independent t-tests. Different letters in the same row refer to significant differences at each follow-up week. *refers to significant differences between study groups at week 12. A P-value ≤ 0.05 is considered statistically significant for all tests
  2. BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, FBG Fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, QUICKI The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglycerides, LDL Low-density lipoprotein, HDL High-density lipoprotein, hs-CRP High sensitivity C-reactive protein
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BMC Nutrition

ISSN: 2055-0928

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