Table 1 Characteristic of the study participants by stunting, and wasting and their overall sociodemographic status, Mini-EDHS 2019 (n = 4,840)

Sex of child

Male

2464(50.90)

925(37.56%)

172(7.00%)

Female

2376(49.10)

900(37.85%)

173(7.30%)

Age of child (months)

Less than 12 months

12–23 months

24–35 months

36–47 months

48–59 months

968(20.01)

931(19.24)

985(20.34)

1046(21.60)

910(18.81)

209(21.60%)

314(33.73%)

460(46.77%)

440(42.06%)

402(44.11%)

77(7.94%)

73(7.82%)

72 (7.28%)

49(4.72%)

75(8.22%)

Birth order

First

2 to 4

5 or higher

1031(21.31)

2135(44.11)

1674(34.58)

411(39.87%)

818(38.34%)

595(35.56%)

65(6.32%)

159(7.44%)

122(7.26%)

Breastfeeding

Ever breastfeed

Never breastfeed

Still breastfeeding

2,418(49.95)

241(4.99)

2,181(45.06)

867(35.85%)

115(47.65%)

843(38.65%)

185(7.63%)

15(6.43%)

146(6.67%)

Number of under-five children

1 child

2 child

3 and above children

33(0.67)

1,965(40.61)

2,842(58.72)

9(28.45%)

695(35.36%)

1,121(39.44%)

3(9.63%)

107(5.46%)

235(8.28%)

Mothers age (years)

15–24

25–29

30–34

35–39

40–49

1,116(23.05)

1,529(31.59)

1,065(22.01)

735(15.19)

395(8.16)

395(35.43%)

585(38.25%)

389(36.52%)

290(39.51%)

166(41.89%)

79(7.06%)

103(6.76%)

73(6.89%)

66(8.99%)

24(6.09%)

Mothers educational status

No education

Primary

Secondary

Higher

2,582(53.34)

1,733(35.80)

348(7.19)

177(3.66)

998(38.64%)

638(36.80%)

150(43.02%)

40(22.46%)

208(8.06%)

106(6.09%)

11(3.22%)

21(11.74%)

Mothers age at 1st birth

Less than 20

20 and above

3,088(63.81)

1,752(36.19)

1,119(36.22%)

706(40.33%)

217(7.03%)

129(7.34%)

Number of ANC visits (n = 3499)

No visit

1 to 3 visit

4 and above visit

871(24.89)

1,112(31.78)

1,516(43.33)

334(38.31%)

440(39.53%)

562(37.09%)

65(7.50%)

82(7.34%)

83(5.47%)

Region

Tigray

Amhara

Oromia

SNPPR

Developing regions

Addis Ababa, Diredawa, and Harari

348(7.19)

942(19.45)

1,949(40.28)

959(19.82)

469(9.69)

172(3.56)

171(49.06%)

399(42.42%)

668(34.28%)

385(40.18%)

161(34.32%)

40(23.22%)

32(9.20%)

79(8.40%)

84(4.32%)

56(6.02%)

88(18.68%)

5(2.90%)

Residence

Urban

Rural

1,224(25.29)

3,616(74.71)

392(31.98%)

1,433(39.64%)

77(6.31%)

269(7.43%)

Sex of household head

Male

Female

4,206(86.89)

634(13.11)

1,587(37.74%)

238(37.47%)

290(6.91%)

55(8.72%)

Household wealth index

Poorest

Poorer

Middle

Richer

Richest

1,120(23.14)

1,065(22.01)

903(18.65)

848(17.52)

904(18.68)

415(37.06%)

430(40.33%)

326(36.08%)

344(40.54%)

311(34.40%)

128(11.39%)

66(6.20%)

43(4.73%)

66(7.78%)

43(4.80%)

Source of drinking water

Improved

Unimproved

Others

3,016(62.32)

1,780(36.78)

44(0.91)

1,118(37.06%)

694(39.00%)

13(29.21%)

209(6.92%)

135(7.58%)

2(4.46%)

Type of toilet

Improved

Unimproved

others

790(16.32)

3,992(82.48)

58(1.20)

309(39.19%)

1,492(37.38%)

23(39.74%)

49(6.26%)

292(7.31%)

5(7.94%)

Type of cooking fuel

Modern

Traditional

Others

253(5.23)

4,560(4.21)

27(0.55)

94(37.06%)

1,720(37.72%)

11(41.92%)

11(4.44%)

333(7.30%)

2(6.74%)