Table 4 Factors associated with stunting, and wasting among fewer than 5 children in Ethiopia, 2019

Region

Addis Ababa, Diredawa, and Harari

Tigray

Amhara

Oromia

SNPPR

Developing regions

1

2.90(2.05–4.11) ***

1.98(1.41–2.79) ***

1.38(0.99–1.92)

1.58(1.13–2.21) **

1.33(1.01–1.75) *

1

1.75(1.02–3.01) *

1.62(0.94–2.79)

0.68(0.38–1.23)

1.11(0.63–1.94)

2.15(1.40–3.29) ***

Residence

Urban

Rural

1

1.37(1.05–1.81) *

1

0.75(0.49–1.13)

Education

No education

Primary

Secondary

Higher

1

0.95(0.81–1.11)

0.78(0.59–1.03)

0.79(0.55–1.13)

1

0.76(0.58-1.00)

0.52(0.31–0.90)

1.34(0.77–2.33)

Sex of child

Male

Female

1

0.93(0.82–1.05)

1

1.19(0.97–1.45)

Household Wealth index

Poorest

Poorer

Middle

Richer

Richest

1

1.01(0.83–1.23)

1.01(0.81–1.26)

1.09(0.86–1.39)

1.07(0.78–1.47)

1

0.66(0.47–0.92) *

0.60(0.41–0.88) *

0.70(0.47–1.02)

0.47(0.27–0.80) **

Mothers age (years)

15–24

25–29

30–34

35–39

40–49

1

0.95(0.80–1.13)

0.85(0.700–1.03)

0.95(0.76–1.19)

1.10(0.84–1.44)

1

0.73(0.55–0.96) *

0.77(0.57–1.05)

0.61(0.42–0.88) *

0.63(0.41–0.99) *

Sex of HH head

Male

Female

1

1.00(0.77–1.30)

Age of child (months)

Less than 12 months

12–23 months

24–35 months

36–47 months

48–59 months

1

2.38(1.91–2.96) ***

3.79(3.07–4.68) ***

3.27(2.65–4.04) ***

2.97(2.40–3.67) ***

1

0.90(0.65–1.23)

0.79(0.57–1.08)

0.79(0.57–1.08)

0.82(0.60–1.12)

Type of toilet facility

Improved

Unimproved

Others

1

1.08(0.87–1.34)

0.69(0.21–2.22)

1

0.94(0.66–1.35)

1.00(0.12–7.81)

Type of cooking materials

Modern

Traditional

Others

1

0.87(0.67–1.22)

0.71(0.17-2.89)

1

1.22(0.65–2.30)

0.88(0.08–9.82)

Source of drinking water

Improved

Unimproved

Others

1

1.11(0.98–1.26)

0.84(0.43–1.61)

Stunting

Wasting

Random effects

Community Variance(Standard error)

0.17(0.04)

0.27(0.07)

ICC%

5.01

7.49