Table 1 Summary statistics of demographic and clinical characteristics (of study participants (N = 101)
Characteristic | Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
Age (yrs) | 25.9 (4.1) |
BMI, pre-pregnancy (kg/m2) | 24.3 (3.7) |
Education level (yrs) | 11.8 (3.2) |
ETOH intake, before pregnancy (mL/day) | 119.1 (253.6) |
GWG, rate (kg/wk)a | 0.5 (0.2) |
GWG, total (kg)a | 9.6 (3.9) |
Height (cm.) | 151.3 (5.9) |
Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS), overall | 23.6 (2.5) |
n (%) | |
BMI Category, pre-pregnancy | |
 Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) | 4 (4.0) |
 Normal Weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 56 (55.4) |
 Overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) | 34 (33.7) |
 Obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) | 7 (6.9) |
Depression (before pregnancy) | |
 Yes | 0 (0.0) |
 No | 101 (100.0) |
Diabetes (before pregnancy) | |
 Yes | 0 (0.0) |
 No | 101 (100.0) |
ETOH Use (before pregnancy) | |
 Yes | 29 (28.7) |
 No | 72 (71.3) |
Employment | |
 Home maker | 56 (55.4) |
 Non-government employee | 18 (17.8) |
 Self-employed | 15 (14.9) |
 Student | 7 (6.9) |
 Government employee | 3 (3.0) |
 Non-paid | 2 (2.0) |
Ethnicity | |
 Newar | 39 (38.6) |
 Brahmin | 22 (21.8) |
 Magar/Tamang/Rai/Limbu | 20 (19.8) |
 Chetri/Thakuri/Sanyasi | 16 (15.8) |
 Kami/Damai/Sarki/Gaaine/Baadi | 4 (4.0) |
Income level (Annual, Nepali Rupees) | |
 10,000 – 30,000 | 3 (3.0) |
 30,000 – 50,000 | 58 (57.4) |
  > 50,000 | 40 (39.6) |
Marital Status | |
 Currently Married | 101 (100.0) |
 Never Married | 0 (0.0) |
 Separated | 0 (0.0) |
 Widowed | 0 (0.0) |
 Cohabitating | 0 (0.0) |
 Refused to answer | 0 (0.0) |
Nausea or vomiting (1st Trimester) | |
 Yes | 84 (83.2) |
 No | 17 (16.8) |
Number of Prior Births | |
 0 | 52 (51.5) |
 1 | 46 (45.5) |
 2 | 3 (3.0) |
Smoking Status | |
 Former Smoker | 2 (2.0) |
 Current Smoker | 0 (0.0) |