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Table 5 Factors associated with undernutrition (underweight, stunting, wasting and anthropometric failure) in children under five years old

From: Assessment of undernutrition using the composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) and its determinants: A cross-sectional study in the rural area of the Bogor District in Indonesia

Characteristics

Underweight

Stunting

Wasting

Anthropometric Failure using the CIAF

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

A. Mother Characteristics

 Age

0.189

0.64 (0.35–1.16)

0.967

0.95 (0.55–1.64)

0.343

0.59 (0.23–1.46)

0.374

0.77 (0.46–1.28)

 Height

0.028

1.78 (1.09–2.90)

0.001

2.36 (1.45–3.85)

0.510

0.74 (0.36–1.50)

0.017

1.75 (1.13–2.73)

 Education

0.173

1.49 (0.88–2.52)

0.018

1.65 (1.15–3.32)

1.000

1.01 (0.48–2.12)

0.078

1.56 (0.98–2.50)

 Working Status

0.670

0.84 (0.46–1.52)

0.013

0.47 (0.27–0.83)

0.531

1.53 (0.57–4.12)

0.248

0.70 (0.40–1.20)

 Family Income

0.043

4.11 (1.19–14.13)

0.362

1.91 (0.65–5.60)

0.898

1.76 (0.27–11.47)

0.348

1.93 (0.66–5.65)

 Parity

0.617

–

0.620

–

0.551

–

0.379

–

 Nutrition knowledge

0.871

1.09 (0.63–1.87)

0.951

1.05 (0.62–1.80)

0.412

1.57 (0.66–3.72)

0.724

1.13 (0.67–1.85)

 Parenting

0.434

1.48 (0.68–3.22)

0.029

2.44 (1.15–5.15)

0.629

0.56 (0.13–2.44)

0.351

1.53 (0.73–3.20)

B. Child Characteristics

 Sex

0.662

1.15 (0.71–1.86)

0.360

1.28 (0.80–2.06)

0.749

0.84 (0.41–1.69)

0.589

1.16 (0.75–1.80)

 Age

< 0.001

0.36 (0.21–0.60)

< 0.001

0.22 (0.13–0.37)

0.018

2.59 (1.22–5.47)

< 0.001

0.36 (0.23–0.57)

 History of Infectious Diseases

0.302

1.34 (0.81–2.20)

0.106

1.54 (0.94–2.53)

0.165

1.84 (0.85–3.97)

0.034

1.67 (106–2.63)

 History of Immunization

0.821

–

0.450

–

0.426

–

0.526

–

 Early Initiation of Breastfeeding

0.173

0.67 (0.40–1.13)

0.034

0.55 (0.32–0.93)

0.550

0.73 (0.34–1.59)

0.026

0.57 (0.35–0.91)

 Frequency consumption of energy sources

0.218

0.53 (0.22–1.28)

0.001

0.11 (0.02–0.45)

0.820

0.72 (0.21–2.51)

0.047

0.43 (0.20–0.94)

 Frequency consumption of protein sources

0.015

0.44 (0.24–0.83)

0.010

0.43 (0.23–0.80)

0.765

1.23 (0.55–2.73)

0.024

0.52 (0.30–0.90)

Environment Sanitation and Clean Living Behaviour

 Room temperature

0.618

1.32 (0.60–2.93)

0.955

1.10 (0.52–2.34)

0.477

0.82 (0.25–2.70)

1.000

1.03 (0.51–2.08)

 Humidity

0.284

0.54 (0.22–1.35)

0.756

0.77 (0.31–1.94)

0.103

–

1.000

0.91 (0.38–2.20)

 Cooking water source

0.098

3.56 (0.78–16.23)

0.120

3.25 (0.71–14.80)

0.764

–

0.230

3.53 (0.67–18.45)

 Hand washing habit

0.218

0.71 (0.44–1.16)

0.842

1.08 (0.67–1.73)

0.484

0.73 (0.36–1.47)

0.533

0.85 (0.55–1.31)

 Defecation habit

0.394

1.57 (0.37–6.71)

0.559

0.78 (0.16–3.95)

0.404

–

0.545

0.82 (0.19–3.50)