Table 4 Factors associated with positive energy balance of the respondents
Variables | Energy balance | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | UOR(95%) C.I | P value | AOR(95%) C.I | P value | |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 96(58.2) | 32(42.7) | ||||
Male | 69(41.8) | 43(57.3) | 1.87(1.08–3.25) | 0.026* | 1.94(0.93–4.01) | 0.076 |
Age | ||||||
≥ 30 years | 69(41.8) | 16(21.3) | ||||
< 30 years | 96(58.2) | 59(78.7) | 2.65(1.41–4.99) | 0.003** | 2.89(1.27–6.56) | 0.011* |
Highest educational level completed | ||||||
No formal | 4(2.4) | 3(4.0) | ||||
Primary | 13(7.9) | 6(8.0) | 0.54(0.11–2.55) | 0.437 | 0.43(0.08–2.51) | 0.351 |
Secondary | 69(41.8) | 34(45.3) | 0.88(0.31–3.51) | 0.808 | 1.04(0.33–3.28) | 0.943 |
Tertiary | 79(47.9) | 32(42.7) | 0.82(0.46–1.47) | 0.508 | 1.10(0.55–2.20) | 0.788 |
Occupation | ||||||
Engaged | 127(77.0) | 43(57.3) | ||||
Unengaged | 38(23.0) | 33(42.7) | 2.49(1.39–4.46) | 0.002** | 2.30(1.05–5.03) | 0.037* |
Marital status | ||||||
Ever married | 74(44.8) | 30(40.0) | ||||
Never married | 91(55.2) | 45(60.0) | 1.22(0.70–2.12) | 0.483 | 0.57(0.29–1.15) | 0.119 |
Average monthly income | ||||||
None- ≤ 50,000.00 | 88(60.0) | 53(70.7) | ||||
> 50,000.00 | 66(40.0) | 22(29.3) | 0.43(0.22–0.84) | 0.014* | 1.05(0.48–2.30) | 0.894 |
Skipping of meals | ||||||
No | 54(32.7) | 19(25.3) | ||||
Yes | 111(67.3) | 56(74.7) | 1.43(0.78–2.65) | 0.250 | 1.27(0.60–2.67) | 0.533 |
Number of meals per day | ||||||
≥ 3 | 110(66.7) | 47(62.7) | ||||
< 3 | 55(33.3) | 28(37.3) | 1.19(0.68–2.11) | 0.546 | 0.96(0.49–1.91) | 0.912 |
Snack consumption per week | ||||||
> 3 times | 42(25.5) | 29(38.7) | ||||
≤ 3 times | 123(74.5) | 46(61.3) | 0.54(0.30–0.97) | 0.039* | 0.70(0.36–1.36) | 0.290 |
Eating outside the home | ||||||
No | 65(39.4) | 21(28.0) | ||||
Yes | 100(60.6) | 54(72.0) | 1.67(0.92–3.02) | 0.090 | 1.51(0.75–3.05) | 0.254 |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
No | 92(55.8) | 43(57.3) | ||||
Yes | 73(44.2) | 32(42.7) | 0.94(0.54–1.63) | 0.820 | 0.59(0.29–1.20) | 0.145 |
Smoking substancesa | ||||||
No | 144(87.3) | 59(78.7) | ||||
Yes | 21(12.7) | 16(21.3) | 1.86(0.91–3.81) | 0.090 | 2.05(0.82–5.11) | 0.124 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
Underweight (< 18.5) | 2(1.2) | 1(1.3) | ||||
Normal (18.5–24.9) | 89(53.9) | 39(52.0) | 1.06(0.09–12.49) | 0.964 | 3.00(0.18–49.86) | 0.444 |
Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 40(24.2) | 17(22.7) | 1.21(0.61–2.40) | 0.588 | 2.48(0.91–6.74) | 0.076 |
Obese (≥ 30.0) | 34(20.7) | 18(24.0) | 1.25(0.56–2.79) | 0.593 | 1.69(0.63–4.50) | 0.297 |
Abdominal obesity | ||||||
Absent | 99(60.0) | 49(65.3) | ||||
Present | 66(40.0) | 26(34.7) | 1.26(0.71–2.22) | 0.431 | 1.15(0.48–2.73) | 0.756 |