Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population overall and by serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D levels
Variables | Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D level < 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L)) | Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D level ≥ 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) | P_value* | total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants | 4719(49.6%) | 4801(50.4%) | Â | 9520 |
Serum 25(OH)D (nmol /L), mean ± SD | 12.2 ± 4.4 | 31.1 ± 10.42 |  < 0.001 | 21.75 ± 12.3 |
Age (year), mean ± SD | 50.1 ± 8.5 | 52.7 ± 9.07 |  < 0.001 | 51.45 ± 8.9 |
Residency, N (%) | ||||
 Urban | 2578(45.2%) | 2223(46.3%) | 0.1 | 4354(45.7%) |
Education, N (%) | ||||
 High school or less | 858(50.3%) | 1844(47.6%) | 0.08 | 4424(48%) |
Gender, N (%) | ||||
 Male | 2143(45.4%) | 2281(47.5%) | 0.02 | 3809(46.5%) |
BMI (kg /m)2, mean ± SD | 28.3 ± 5.1 | 27.9 ± 5.05 | 0.001 | 28.15 ± 5.1 |
Physical activity (METhrs /day), mean ± SD | 40.6 ± 8.6 | 41.2 ± 8.8 | 0.002 | 40.9 ± 8.7 |
Use of Alcohol, N (%) | 669(14.4%) | 733(15.3%) | 0.1 | 1402(14.7%) |
Smoking state, N (%) | ||||
 Current smoker | 1099(23.3%) | 1247(26%) | 0.006 | 2346(24.6%) |
Receiving Vitamin D supplementation a, N (%) | 377(8%) | 343(7.1%) | 0.06 | 420(7.6%) |