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Table 3 Dietary intakes of study participants across the tertiles of DQI-I

From: The association between meal-based diet quality index-international (DQI-I) with obesity in adults

Variables

DQI-I (breakfast)

DQI-I (lunch)

DQI-I (dinner)

T1 N = 281

T2 N = 282

T3 N = 283

Pc

T1 N = 280

T2 N = 284

T3 N = 278

P

T1 N = 282

T2 N = 281

T3 N = 284

P

Energya

355.81 ± 127.68b

403.12 ± 127.31

497.23 ± 168.40

 < 0.001

455.90 ± 171.22

544.98 ± 161.07

605.94 ± 170.91

0.30

1543.8 ± 358.39

1633.2 ± 343.55

1707 ± 426.74

 < 0.001

Carbohydrate

59.47 ± 19.82

68.74 ± 25.96

85.00 ± 35.30

 < 0.001

66.20 ± 35.19

66.21 ± 23.49

69.62 ± 44.73

0.55

57.77 ± 21.30

73.81 ± 31.24

86.47 ± 42.30

 < 0.001

Fat

14.99 ± 22.63

12.54 ± 5.99

13.20 ± 9.73

0.007

22.39 ± 8.80

22.43 ± 9.15

22.49 ± 7.87

 < 0.001

18.16 ± 9.20

18.37 ± 9.02

15.81 ± 7.79

 < 0.001

Fiber

6.02 ± 2.99

9.69 ± 4.12

1.02 ± 2.99

0.52

5.97 ± 3.43

7.47 ± 3.90

8.27 ± 5.29

 < 0.001

5.66 ± 2.70

7.59 ± 5.43

9.54 ± 7.67

 < 0.001

Protein

11.24 ± 14.24

12.07 ± 4.98

16.91 ± 22.14

0.31

57.04 ± 17.33

56.67 ± 20.98

52.96 ± 28.26

0.12

15.22 ± 6.98

19.42 ± 8.48

21.68 ± 7.52

 < 0.001

Cholesterol

65.51 ± 5.82

62.34 ± 5.93

57.18 ± 5.38

0.05

89.63 ± 7.08

69.15 ± 5.59

53.09 ± 5.20

 < 0.001

89.25 ± 7.29

74.46 ± 64.70

60.80 ± 55.12

 < 0.001

SAFA

6.25 ± 6.27

5.67 ± 2.84

5.27 ± 2.65

 < 0.001

5.75 ± 2.91

5.17 ± 3.98

4.04 ± 265

 < 0.001

4.98 ± 2.27

4.88 ± 3.02

4.03 ± 2.27

 < 0.001

PUFA

2.55 ± 6.04

2.32 ± 1.72

2.50 ± 2.07

0.67

8.36 ± 3.28

7.65 ± 2.90

7.00 ± 3.74

 < 0.001

7.27 ± 4.04

6.67 ± 4.59

5.95 ± 3.15

 < 0.001

MUFA

18.45 ± 8.96

17.57 ± 12.64

18.45 ± 8.96

0.04

7.83 ± 3.89

7.71 ± 1.05

5.93 ± 5.2`

 < 0.001

8.63 ± 2.99

5.94 ± 3.41

4.91 ± 3.07

0.03

Sodium

567.70 ± 251

426.38 ± 214.95

658.98 ± 428.17

0.55

892.29 ± 41.94

766.98 ± 38.48

729..67 ± 36.95

 < 0.001

799.15 ± 46.35

883.14 ± 70.56

810.36 ± 43.66

0.01

Vit C

16.05 ± 1.39

17.30 ± 1.68

26.48 ± 2.88

 < 0.001

21.41 ± 1.56

27.87 ± 2.33

33.50 ± 3.01

 < 0.001

20.51 ± 1.67

30.61 ± 2.74

39.56 ± 2.87

 < 0.001

calcium

175.39 ± 111.7

188.98 ± 83.34

216.17 ± 114.35

0.03

168.12 ± 104.49

187.94 ± 115.16

204.36 ± 129.75

 < 0.001

15.73 ± 1.02

21.95 ± 1.32

25.17 ± 1.46

 < 0.001

Iron

2.26 ± 0.89

2.84 ± 1.37

4.40 ± 1.03

 < 0.001

5.03 ± 2.27

6.20 ± 1.20

6.87 ± 5.25

0.06

3.67 ± 2.29

5.54 ± 6.81

7.60 ± 6.65

 < 0.001

  1. DQI-I diet quality index-international, SFA saturated fatty acid, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid, SD standard deviation
  2. aEnergy was not adjusted
  3. bAll values are mean ± SD
  4. cP values obtained from ANCOVA
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BMC Nutrition

ISSN: 2055-0928

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