Table 2 Dietary intakes of nursing mothers at the baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention

Energy (kcal)

Baseline

2750.6 ± 725.2

2415 ± 589.8

2458 ± 663.1

0.1^b

Week 12

2374 ± 1172

2270 ± 1110

2569 ± 875.5

0.5^b

Carbohydrate (g)

Baseline

367.2 ± 94.5

328.4 ± 88.3

338.5 ± 100.2

0.2^b

Week 12

315.9 ± 156.6

300.6 ± 147.2

351.4 ± 131.6

0.3^b

Carbohydrate (%)

Baseline

53.5 ± 6.7

54.4 ± 6.1

54.8 ± 5.6

0.7^b

Week 12

53.2 ± 5.2

53 ± 5.7

54.4 ± 5.5

0.6^b

Protein (g)*

Baseline

90.4 (68.4–97.6)

75.4 (63.3–90)

72.8 (65.2–87.6)

0.06^c

Week 12

74.8 (58.4–86.9)

70.9 (53.5–88.9)

84.7 (60.9–95.9)

0.5^c

Protein (%)

Baseline

13 ± 2.6

12.5 ± 3.5

12.6 ± 2.3

0.7^b

Week 12

12.3 ± 2.7

12.9 ± 3.7

12.2 ± 2.1

0.6^b

Fat (g)*

Baseline

105 (81.4–120.8)

88.2 (67.5–107.7)

87 (71–111.2)

0.1^c

Week 12

95.2 (69.8–136)

88.9 (72.4–111.2)

93.6 (85.7–122.2)

0.5^c

Fat (%)

Baseline

34.8 ± 5.4

33.7 ± 6.9

33.8 ± 5.5

0.7^b

Week 12

35.6 ± 5.1

35.2 ± 4

34.3 ± 5.4

0.6^b

Saturated fatty acids (g)

Baseline

27.7 ± 9.3

22.3 ± 7.3

23 ± 6.8

0.02^b

Week 12

23.5 ± 12.2

22.9 ± 12.3

23.4 ± 8.3

0.9^b

Cholesterol (mg)*

Baseline

299.6 (254.7–418.3)

245 (183.3–346.5)

265.4 (181.4–318.6)

0.1^c

Week 12

269 (120.1–408.5)

224.6 (148.1–308.1)

236.8 (150–319.3)

0.6^c

Mono-unsaturated fatty acids (g)*

Baseline

37.9 (26.4–40.3)

28.1 (24.4–35.3)

29.2 (22.3–38.4)

0.1^c

Week 12

33.4 (21.7–46.2)

32 (20.5–39.9)

32.1 (25.3–43.9)

0.8^c

Poly-unsaturated fatty acids (g)*

Baseline

32.2 (22.9–40.9)

27 (18.7–39.7)

24.9 (20.4–34)

0.2^c

Week 12

32.6 (19.7–41)

26.3 (18.8–35.2)

30.9 (24.2–36)

0.4^c

Dietary fiber (g)*

Baseline

19.7 (13.4–24.7)

18.3 (14.4–21.4)

17.1 (14.7–22.3)

0.4^c

Week 12

16.4 (12.5–24)

18.6 (11.9–21.9)

20.2 (15.8–24)

0.4^c

Calcium (mg)*

Baseline

Week 12

927.1 (648.9–1063.3)

765 (483–972.5)

925.1 (694.8–1048.4)

675.5 (405.2–1019)

891.1 (686.5–1059.2)

725 (464–1029.5)

0.9^c

0.8^c

Vitamin D (μg)*

Baseline

Week 12

1.3 (1.1–2.3)

0.2 (0–2.4)

1.2 (0–2.3)

0.3 (0–2.3)

1.3 (0.2–2.3)

1.1 (0–2.4)

0.8^c

0.9^c