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Table 6 Mean food groups, energy and macronutrient intake daily and in breakfast with fasting window, eating window, first-time EO, last-time EO, length of sleep, frequency and chronotype score

From: Time-related meal patterns and breakfast quality in a sample of Iranian adults

 

Mean (95%CI)

fasting window

Eating window

First-time eating occasion

Last-time eating occasion

Length of nightly sleep

Frequency meals

Chronotype

β

P

β

P

β

P

β

P

β

P

β

P

β

P

Grain group (g/B)

57.8 (55.34—60.41)

0.01

0.921

0.001

0.990

0.005

0.912

0.02

0.602

-0.06

0.042a

- 0.01

0.718

- 0.04

0.081

Fruits group (g/B)

3.54 (2.90—4.88)

0.01

0.001b

-0.11

0.001b

0.005

0.897

0.01

0.793

0.009

0.081

0.019

0.587

0.01

0.382

Vegetable group (g/B)

10.34 (9.31–12.71)

0.12

0.010c

- 0.11

0.011c

- 0.04

0.247

-0.14

0.001d

- 0.04

0.219

- 0.006

0.972

0.005

0.875

Dairy group(g/B)

26.59 (24.76—28.9)

0.06

0.061

- 0.06

0.059

0.01

0.651

- 0.07

0.072

0.04

0.163

0.03

0.293

- 0.04

0.661

Meat group(g/B)

10.47 (9.65—11.90)

0.05

0.252

- 0.04

0.247

0.001

0.712

0.014

0.854

0.02

0.824

0.72

0.424

- 0.01

0.674

Energy (Kcal/B)

416.1 (411.6—419.4)

0.07

0.134

- 0.02

0.241

-0.06

0.215

- 0.03

0.346

-0.06

0.083

0.14

 < 0.001e

- 0.03

0.423

Carbohydrate (g/B)

66.48 (64.80—69.53)

0.03

0.446

- 0.03

0.417

-0.008

0.845

- 0.02

0.493

-0.04

0.196

0.11

0.012f

- 0.03

0.275

Protein (g/B)

13.03 (12.31—13.86)

0.42

0.371

0.04

0.373

-0.12

0.011 g

- 0.08

0.846

-0.04

0.235

0.07

0.022 h

0.03

0.427

Fat (g/B)

12.63 (12.09 -13.71)

0.03

0.429

0.04

0.414

-0.09

0.023i

- 0.02

0.502

-0.07

0.032j

0.09

0.006 k

0.04

0.301

BQI score

4.54 (4.45—4.65)

0.39

 < 0.001 l

- 0.40

 < 0.001 l

-0.14

 < 0.001 m

-0.15

 < 0.001 m

-0.08

0.004n

0.21

 < 0.001o

0.04

0.185

  1. Linear regression analyses model. Adjusted: Age, gender, physical activity, educational level, occupation, smoking status, energy intake, supplement intake and BMI
  2. Significant associations shown in bold
  3. R2 adjusted = a 0.007; b 0.011; c 0.020; d 0.020; 0.024; f 0.030; g 0.012; h 0.012; i 0.091; j 0.020;; k 0.141; l 0.004; m 0.015; n 0.019; o 0.03