Variables | Â | GI | Â | GL | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | T3 | P -value | T1 | T2 | T3 | P -value | |
Vitamin A (RAE) | 809.72 ± 353.09 | 711.06 ± 347.07 | 794.62 ± 475.58 | 0.12 | 607.02 ± 309.02 | 776.36 ± 387.25 | 932.02 ± 444.53 | 0.50 |
Vitamin E (mg/day) | 16.52 ± 8.38 | 17.36 ± 10.20 | 17.72 ± 8.90 | 0.74 | 15.62 ± 9.63 | 17.16 ± 9.89 | 18.82 ± 7.65 | 0.002 |
Vitamin B1 (mg/day) | 2.02 ± 0.63 | 1.97 ± 0.57 | 2.23 ± 0.71 | 0.53 | 1.54 ± 0.42 | 1.99 ± 0.39 | 2.70 ± 0.51 | 0.03 |
Vitamin B2 (mg/day) | 2.20 ± 0.74 | 2.07 ± 0.90 | 2.31 ± 0.76 | 0.12 | 1.68 ± 0.55 | 2.10 ± 0.56 | 2.79 ± 0.85 | 0.42 |
Vitamin B3 (mg/day) | 25.29 ± 10.18 | 23.60 ± 7.92 | 26.36 ± 8.43 | 0.04 | 18.73 ± 5.22 | 24.52 ± 7.80 | 32.00 ± 8.00 | 0.80 |
Vitamin B5 (mg/day) | 6.60 ± 2.15 | 6.20 ± 2.97 | 6.60 ± 1.94 | 0.01 | 4.96 ± 1.48 | 6.20 ± 1.48 | 8.24 ± 2.71 | 0.88 |
Vitamin B6 (mg/day) | 2.19 ± 0.75 | 2.04 ± 0.65 | 2.22 ± 0.67 | 0.003 | 1.61 ± 0.43 | 2.12 ± 0.57 | 2.72 ± 0.56 | 0.46 |
Vitamin B9 (μg/day) | 616.97 ± 192.73 | 660.14 ± 203.31 | 747.05 ± 233.48 | 0.01 | 469.14 ± 126.41 | 641.43 ± 125.07 | 886.58 ± 177.50 |  < 0.001 |
VitaminB12 (μg/day) | 4.61 ± 2.51 | 3.82 ± 1.72 | 4.57 ± 2.79 | 0.03 | 3.61 ± 1.65 | 3.99 ± 1.78 | 5.41 ± 3.11 | 0.01 |
Vitamin C (mg/day) | 188.21 ± 109.22 | 202.73 ± 152.23 | 196.18 ± 109.01 | 0.12 | 122.21 ± 60.43 | 196.96 ± 103.33 | 267.94 ± 148.41 | 0.01 |
Vitamin D (μg/day) | 2.24 ± 1.77 | 1.75 ± 1.67 | 1.90 ± 1.40 | 0.02 | 1.69 ± 1.34 | 1.85 ± 1.34 | 2.35 ± 2.05 | 0.08 |
Vitamin K (μg/day) | 215.44 ± 121.96 | 188.61 ± 147.79 | 219.45 ± 260.07 | 0.59 | 162.26 ± 100.74 | 232.58 ± 268.02 | 228.66 ± 140.63 | 0.16 |
Biotin (μg/day) | 40.78 ± 14.21 | 36.22 ± 21.10 | 38.15 ± 14.29 | 0.005 | 29.96 ± 11.96 | 37.94 ± 12.83 | 47.26 ± 20.08 | 0.69 |
Carbohydrate(g/day) | 349.27 ± 108.42 | 362.72 ± 118.58 | 403.36 ± 126.14 | 0.15 | 256.64 ± 55.61 | 355.36 ± 45.64 | 503.34 ± 83.56 |  < 0.001 |
Protein (g/day) | 91.45 ± 32.28 | 80.82 ± 23.32 | 92.04 ± 26.75 |  < 0.001 | 68.20 ± 20.72 | 86.40 ± 23.69 | 109.71 ± 22.72 | 0.02 |
Fat (g/day) | 90.71 ± 29.24 | 89.45 ± 33.08 | 101.50 ± 33.64 | 0.88 | 74.28 ± 25.46 | 92.29 ± 27.76 | 115.09 ± 30.09 |  < 0.001 |
Fiber(g/day) | 42.16 ± 15.92 | 44.34 ± 19.30 | 49.01 ± 20.69 | 0.59 | 30.90 ± 11.24 | 45.25 ± 13.57 | 59.36 ± 18.94 | 0.002 |
Food groups | Â | |||||||
 Whole grains | 7.60 ± 9.41 | 8.21 ± 12.40 | 6.77 ± 8.75 | 0.39 | 5.79 ± 8.21 | 7.74 ± 10.51 | 9.04 ± 11.69 | 0.61 |
 Refined grains | 438.25 ± 215.60 | 465.65 ± 246.88 | 509.03 ± 228.84 | 0.64 | 353.19 ± 179.59 | 422.56 ± 133.97 | 637.18 ± 260.49 | 0.01 |
 Red meat | 20.95 ± 17.92 | 20.22 ± 18.89 | 22.54 ± 17.03 | 0.78 | 14.82 ± 11.56 | 20.40 ± 19.73 | 28.49 ± 18.71 | 0.72 |
 Fish | 13.41 ± 16.17 | 9.52 ± 8.09 | 10.99 ± 10.99 | 0.06 | 10.25 ± 9.25 | 11.39 ± 13.29 | 12.29 ± 13.82 | 0.17 |
 Fruits | 505.52 ± 320.84 | 568.37 ± 386.66 | 524.32 ± 303.42 | 0.02 | 323.15 ± 194.00 | 525.87 ± 272.53 | 749.18 ± 378.00 | 0.004 |
 Vegetables | 456.16 ± 234.93 | 417.24 ± 287.34 | 424.15 ± 256.71 | 0.19 | 336.97 ± 205.65 | 458.34 ± 262.59 | 502.24 ± 280.12 | 0.22 |
 Low fat dairy | 318.15 ± 237.11 | 257.54 ± 220.65 | 278.40 ± 210.83 | 0.07 | 258.28 ± 180.34 | 257.76 ± 182.86 | 338.06 ± 284.59 | 0.14 |
 High fat dairy | 100.70 ± 138.71 | 104.80 ± 149.33 | 121.80 ± 137.03 | 0.97 | 67.98 ± 111.98 | 105.48 ± 122.29 | 153.44 ± 171.11 | 0.41 |
 eggs | 21.34 ± 12.20 | 19.71 ± 13.03 | 24.09 ± 17.28 | 0.33 | 16.55 ± 9.64 | 23.29 ± 13.65 | 25.30 ± 17.49 | 0.04 |
 legumes | 57.99 ± 46.02 | 50.50 ± 41.09 | 48.52 ± 35.56 | 0.10 | 48.66 ± 43.85 | 52.03 ± 35.80 | 56.32 ± 43.44 | 0.20 |
 Nuts | 14.26 ± 11.95 | 13.86 ± 18.60 | 15.74 ± 18.22 | 0.83 | 9.03 ± 8.52 | 13.26 ± 16.68 | 21.57 ± 19.74 | 0.89 |
 Tea & coffee | 580.08 ± 467.25 | 689.78 ± 552.76 | 949.38 ± 1081.78 | 0.01 | 559.16 ± 448.66 | 709.86 ± 1066.84 | 950.23 ± 590.53 | 0.05 |
 Sugar sweetened beverages | 18.24 ± 50.65 | 20.30 ± 38.90 | 29.08 ± 66.54 | 0.71 | 8.77 ± 13.57 | 25.37 ± 66.26 | 33.48 ± 60.66 | 0.55 |
 Fast food | 25.43 ± 27.49 | 21.35 ± 17.56 | 26.35 ± 33.73 | 0.55 | 20.01 ± 20.02 | 21.27 ± 23.58 | 31.85 ± 34.26 | 0.22 |