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Table 1 General characteristics of subjects across case and control groups

From: High intake of dietary phytochemical index may be related to reducing risk of diabetic nephropathy: a case–control study

Variables

Control

(n = 105)

Case

(n = 105)

P value*

Age (y)

55.41 ± 7.14

55.33 ± 7.04

0.94

Albumin (g/dl)

8.37 ± 6.76

14.40 ± 11.94

 < 0.001

ACR

18.66 ± 5.92

232.18 ± 114.07

 < 0.001

Diabetes duration (y)

7.56 ± 2.17

7.60 ± 2.21

0.88

SBP (mmHg)

129.04 ± 98.88

126.59 ± 17.27

0.80

DBP (mmHg)

80.10 ± 11.76

82.80 ± 13.09

0.12

Body weight (kg)

71.589 ± 11.50

73.400 ± 13.83

0.30

Height (cm)

161.17 ± 5.91

160.68 ± 6.29

0.56

BMI (kg/m2)

27.510 ± 4.39

28.686 ± 4.74

0.06

Hb (mg/dl)

12.630 ± 1.22

12.610 ± 1.37

0.91

FBS (mg/dl)

154.19 ± 45.03

167.10 ± 50.62

0.03

BS (mg/dl)

207.10 ± 54.35

217.75 ± 53.23

0.15

HbA1c (%)

8.031 ± 1.29

8.660 ± 1.41

 < 0.001

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

175.38 ± 32.42

185.15 ± 38.12

0.05

TG (mg/dl)

162.25 ± 57.91

167.26 ± 65.68

0.56

LDL (mg/dl)

94.60 ± 29.47

106.86 ± 31.77

 < 0.001

HDL (mg/dl)

46.37 ± 9.25

45.05 ± 9.26

0.30

Cr (mg/dl)

0.87 ± 0.17

0.92 ± 0.16

0.03

BUN (mg/dl)

15.17 ± 3.86

15.79 ± 4.55

0.29

Energy intake (kcal)

1452.26 ± 320.95

1407.64 ± 254.51

0.27

PI

103.28 ± 43.83

88.01 ± 29.96

 < 0.001

PA (met-h/w)

 Low (> 600)

37 (17.6)

31 (14.8)

0.12

 Moderate (600–3000)

28 (13.4)

42 (20)

 High (< 3000)

40 (19)

32 (15.2)

Medical history

 CVD history

23 (11)

24 (11.4)

0.86

Medication usage

 ARBs

45 (21.4)

60 (28.6)

0.03

 ACEIs

21 (10)

44 (21)

0.001

 Beta blockers

18 (8.6)

20 (9.5)

0.56

 Metformin

104 (49.5)

104 (49.5)

0.75

 sulfonylurea

62 (29.5)

71 (33.8)

0.19

 Insulin

35 (16.7)

26 (12.4)

0.17

  1. Independent sample T test and chi square were used
  2. Continuous variables were shown as mean ± SD and qualitative variables were shown n (%)
  3. Abbreviation: ACR Albumin creatinine ratio, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, BMI Body mass index, Hb Hemoglobin, FBS Fasting blood sugar, BS Blood sugar, TG Triglycerides, HDL High density lipoprotein, LDL Low density lipoprotein, CR Creatinine, BUN Blood urea nitrogen, PI Phytochemical index, PA Physical activity, met metabolic equivalent, CVD Cardiovascular disease, ARBs Angiotensin receptor blockers, ACEIs Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
  4. * Adjusted for energy intake
  5. P < 0.05 was considered significant