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Table 2 General characteristics of subjects between lower and higher adherence of dietary phytochemical index

From: High intake of dietary phytochemical index may be related to reducing risk of diabetic nephropathy: a case–control study

Variables

PI

Control

 

Case

 

Low(n = 52)

High(n = 53)

P value*

Low(n = 52)

High(n = 53)

P value*

Age (y)

54.92 ± 6.59

55.89 ± 7.67

0.18

54.75 ± 7.64

55.91 ± 6.41

0.08

Albumin (g/dl)

11.19 ± 8.00

5.61 ± 3.61

 < 0.001

16.27 ± 13.40

12.57 ± 10.11

0.98

Diabetes duration (y)

7.85 ± 2.13

7.27 ± 2.19

0.62

7.60 ± 2.19

7.61 ± 2.24

0.65

SBP (mmHg)

121.08 ± 16.11

136.85 ± 138.47

0.18

127.71 ± 16.59

125.49 ± 17.99

0.31

DBP (mmHg)

80.69 ± 12.23

79.51 ± 11.36

0.42

82.85 ± 14.34

82.75 ± 11.87

0.36

Body weight (kg)

70.21 ± 11.85

72.95 ± 11.09

0.58

75.17 ± 12.78

71.66 ± 14.70

0.76

Height (cm)

161.71 ± 5.91

160.64 ± 5.92

0.94

161.06 ± 6.67

160.30 ± 5.93

0.44

BMI (kg/m2)

26.78 ± 4.42

28.22 ± 4.28

0.80

29.03 ± 5.03

28.35 ± 4.47

0.49

Hb (mg/dl)

12.51 ± 1.23

12.75 ± 1.22

0.88

12.43 ± 1.38

12.78 ± 1.34

0.67

FBS (mg/dl)

158.35 ± 50.40

150.11 ± 39.11

0.26

178.42 ± 57.17

156.00 ± 40.81

0.04

BS (mg/dl)

208.27 ± 53.30

205.94 ± 55.85

0.60

228.85 ± 61.07

206.87 ± 42.01

0.02

HbA1c (%)

8.23 ± 1.31

7.84 ± 1.25

0.69

8.97 ± 1.51

8.35 ± 1.24

0.40

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

177.31 ± 29.18

173.49 ± 35.48

0.54

188.50 ± 35.37

181.87 ± 40.71

0.17

TG (mg/dl)

158.69 ± 60.58

165.74 ± 55.51

0.34

176.77 ± 65.21

157.92 ± 65.42

0.30

LDL (mg/dl)

98.63 ± 28.61

90.64 ± 30.03

0.88

109.77 ± 32.70

104.00 ± 30.87

0.77

HDL (mg/dl)

47.58 ± 10.05

45.19 ± 8.32

0.07

44.92 ± 8.80

45.17 ± 9.77

0.45

Cr (mg/dl)

0.85 ± 0.15

0.90 ± 0.19

0.23

0.95 ± 0.17

0.89 ± 0.15

0.65

BUN (mg/dl)

15.50 ± 3.95

14.85 ± 3.78

0.42

15.78 ± 4.27

15.81 ± 4.84

0.45

PA (met-h/w)

 Low (> 600)

20 (19)

17 (16.2)

0.78

13 (12.4)

18 (17.1)

0.41

 Moderate (600–3000)

13 (12.4)

15 (14.3)

24 (22.9)

18 (17.1)

 High (< 3000)

19 (18.1)

21 (20)

15 (14.3)

17 (16.2)

Medical history

 CVD history

14 (13.3)

9 (8.6)

0.21

14 (13.3)

10 (9.5)

0.32

Medication usage

 ARBs

24 (22.9)

21 (20)

0.49

31 (29.5)

29 (27.6)

0.61

 ACEIs

11 (10.5)

10 (9.5)

0.77

24 (22.9)

20 (19)

0.38

 Beta blockers

12 (11.4)

6 (5.7)

0.11

14

6 (5.7)

0.08

 Metformin

51 (48.6)

53 (50.5)

0.49

51 (48.6)

53 (50.5)

0.49

 sulfonylurea

30 (28.6)

32 (30.5)

0.78

35 (33.3)

36 (34.3)

0.94

 Insulin

19 (18.1)

16 (15.2)

0.49

15 (14.3)

11 (10.5)

0.33

  1. Independent sample T test and chi square were used
  2. Continuous variables were shown as mean ± SD and qualitative variables were shown n (%)
  3. Abbreviations: SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, BMI Body mass index, Hb Hemoglobin, FBS Fasting blood sugar, BS Blood sugar, TG Triglycerides, HDL High density lipoprotein, LDL Low density lipoprotein, CR Creatinine, BUN Blood urea nitrogen, PI Phytochemical index, Pa Physical activity, met metabolic equivalent, CVD Cardiovascular disease, ARBs Angiotensin receptor blockers, ACEIs Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
  4. * Adjusted for energy intake
  5. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Low and High are presented as lower and higher adherence of median
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BMC Nutrition

ISSN: 2055-0928

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