High intake of dietary phytochemical index may be related to reducing risk of diabetic nephropathy: a case–control study

Table 4 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of diabetic nephropathy based on lower and higher adherence of median of dietary phytochemical index among cases and controls

Variables	PI score		β	SE	P value
Variables	Low	High
N case/control	32/69	36/73
Crude	1.00 (ref)	0.44(0.25–0.77)	-0.81	0.28	0.04
Model 1	1.00 (ref)	0.17(0.08–0.38)	-1.73	0.39	< 0.001
Model 2	1.00 (ref)	0.15(0.06–0.36)	-1.85	0.42	< 0.001

Logistic regression was used. Low and High are presented as lower and higher adherence of median
Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) are shown across lower and higher adherence of median. SE Standard error
Model 1: Adjusted for age, body mass index, energy intake, and physical activity
Model 2: Adjusted for model 1 + diabetes duration, cardiovascular diseases history, and drug usage (angiotensin receptor blockers; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, metformin, sulphonyl urea, and insulin)

ISSN: 2055-0928