Table 2 Comparison between baseline and the three-month follow-up, stratified by intervention and control group
From: Dietary habits after a physical activity mHealth intervention: a randomized controlled trial
Characteristics | Intervention | Control | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (n = 72) | All (n = 74) | ||||||
Baseline | 3-month | Within group | Baseline | 3-month | Within group | Between groups | |
Mean ± SD1 | Mean ± SD | p-value2 | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p-value2 | p-value3 | |
Dietary index4 | 7.9 ± 2.0 | 8.1 ± 1.8 | 0.46 | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 0.74 | 0.31 |
Dietary variables | |||||||
Fruits and vegetables (g/day) | 436 ± 249 | 447 ± 216 | 0.69 | 439 ± 251 | 415 ± 275 | 0.29 | 0.29 |
Vegetables (g/day) | 256 ± 172 | 258 ± 168 | 0.92 | 236 ± 172 | 235 ± 170 | 0.95 | 0.70 |
Fruit (g/day) | 180 ± 160 | 189 ± 126 | 0.62 | 203 ± 150 | 182 ± 166 | 0.29 | 0.45 |
Fibre (g/day) | 27 ± 11 | 27 ± 10 | 0.71 | 27 ± 10 | 25 ± 13 | 0.22 | 0.50 |
Vitamin C (mg/day) | 124 ± 68 | 122 ± 54 | 0.86 | 121 ± 71 | 115 ± 68 | 0.35 | 0.47 |
Snacks (g/day) | 26 ± 21 | 26 ± 21 | 0.96 | 32 ± 38 | 32 ± 35 | 0.97 | 0.51 |
Saturated fat (g/day) | 30 ± 13 | 29 ± 13 | 0.41 | 29 ± 12 | 29 ± 13 | 0.73 | 0.53 |
Unsaturated fat (g/day) | 49 ± 20 | 48 ± 18 | 0.40 | 46 ± 21 | 45 ± 19 | 0.48 | 0.65 |
Whole grains (g/day) | 63 ± 42 | 60 ± 40 | 0.45 | 61 ± 35 | 57 ± 34 | 0.12 | 0.70 |
Energy (kcal) | 2081 ± 727 | 2004 ± 665 | 0.23 | 1965 ± 644 | 1971 ± 805 | 0.80 | 0.43 |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||
Fruits and vegetables | 0.64 | 0.49 | |||||
< 400 g/day | 40 (55.6) | 38 (52.8) | 38 (51.4) | 41 (55.4) | |||
≥ 400 g/day | 32 (44.4) | 34 (47.2) | 36 (48.7) | 33 (44.6) | |||
Dietary index | 0.65 | 0.22 | |||||
Low adherence (0–4 p) | 3 (4.5) | 1 (1.5) | 4 (5.6) | 4 (5.6) | |||
Moderate adherence (5–8 p) | 35 (52.2) | 37 (55.2) | 48 (66.7) | 42 (58.3) | |||
High adherence (9–12 p) | 29 (43.3) | 29 (43.3) | 20 (27.8) | 26 (36.1) | |||