Skip to main content

Table 2 The study participants' general characteristics and dietary intake based on tertiles of the glycemic index scorea

From: The association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with the risk of insomnia in the adult population

 

Tertiles of GI

P-trend†

 Variables a

T1(n = 148)

T2(n = 148)

T3(n = 148)

Age(year)

32.1 ± 10.1

31.1 ± 9.9

32.0 ± 9.9

0.929

Men, n (%)

25 (16.9)

29 (19.7)

41 (27.7)

0.067

Overweight and obese, n (%)

68 (45.9)

72 (49.0)

64 (43.2)

0.613

Smoking, n (%)

9 (6.1)

-

3 (2.0)

0.001

Physical activity (MET/min/week)

817 (396—188)

654 (200—1356)

970 (430—2569)

0.078

SES

   

0.016

 Low

36 (24.3)

39 (26.5)

56 (37.8)

 

 Middle

56 (37.8)

56 (38.1)

54 (36.5)

 

 High

56 (37.8)

52 (35.4)

38 (25.7)

 

GHQ

17.4 ± 7.1

16.2 ± 7.1

16.0 ± 7.3

0.097

ISI score

10.1 ± 5.7

9.8 ± 5.6

10.0 ± 5.8

0.889

Nutrient Intake

 Energy (Kcal/d)

2443 ± 749

2422 ± 642

2427 ± 844

0.856

 Carbohydrate (% of energy)

58.0 ± 7.1

56.8 ± 7.7

59.0 ± 7.8

0.967

 Protein (% of energy)

13.9 ± 2.9

13.8 ± 2.6

13.1 ± 2.6

0.003

 Fat (% of energy)

28.0 ± 6.4

29.3 ± 7.3

27.7 ± 7.6

0.962

  1. SES Socioeconomic status, ISI insomnia severity index, GHQ General health questionnaire
  2. †P for trend was computed using linear regression and Chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively
  3. aData are presented as mean ± SD or median (25–75 interquartile range) for continuous variables and numbers and percentages for categorical variables