Free sugar intake from snacks and beverages in Canadian preschool- and toddler-aged children: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Beverage intake by beverage categories and their contribution to free sugar energy intake among children^a

^aThis table summarizes the number and percent of children 1.5–5 years who consumed different beverage categories, relative to the total number of children (n = 267). Percent was calculated to identify the proportion of children who consumed beverage categories at least once (≥ 1) over 24-h, then calculated for the more discrete categories of one time (1) or two or more times (≥ 2). Not all children were reported to consume a snack (n = 7). Not all children were reported to consume a beverage (n = 2). Mean children’s %TE from FS was calculated for categories that were consumed by ≥ 30 children. For these calculations, only data from children who consumed each respective category were used (i.e., data from children who did not consume the beverage category over 24-h were not included in the mean). Generalized estimating equations were used to account for any dependence between sibling participants [23]. For categories consumed by < 30 children, mean %TE from FS was not calculated and was instead denoted with a dash. Categories consumed and/or breakdowns were not reported and were denoted as ~ whenever < 5 children were identified. Sugar-containing beverages include beverages with sugars added during processing + 100% fruit juice. In this sample, this includes flavored milk, smoothies, sweetened plant-based beverages, fruit drinks, yogurt beverages, sweetened hot beverages, and 100% fruit juice
FS Free Sugar, TE Total Energy

ISSN: 2055-0928