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Table 1 Socio-economic characteristics, household food security, and diet quality indices in mothers with children under two years based on their body mass index

From: Food insecurity, body mass index, socio-economic status, and food intake in lactating and non-lactating mothers with children under two years

Variables

Total

(N = 307)

Mother BMI

P-value†

BMI*<25

25 ≤ BMI ≤ 29.9

BMI ≥ 30

Mother age

Year (mean ± SD)

31.4 ± 5.3

30.4 ± 5.0

32.1 ± 5.2

32.3 ± 5.6

0.02

Mother’s occupational status

Housewife (%)

Employed (%)

78.8

21.2

79.3

20.7

75.4

24.6

85.7

14.3

0.62

Mother ‘s education

Illiterate (%)

Elementary (%)

Middle school (%)

Diploma (%)

Above diploma (%)

1.0

6.2

24.2

27.2

41.4

0.8

6.7

24.2

28.3

40.0

0.8

5.4

27.1

27.9

38.8

1.9

7.5

17.0

22.7

50.9

0.82

Physiological status of mother

Breastfeeding (%)

Not breastfeeding (%)

77.2

22.8

76.9

23.1

76.2

23.8

80.4

19.6

0.81

Father’s occupational status

Employed (%)

Unemployed (%)

98.4

1.6

96.6

3.4

99.2

0.8

100

0

0.15

Father education

Illiterate (%)

Elementary (%)

Middle school (%)

Diploma (%)

Above diploma (%)

1.0

4.3

19.7

38.5

36.5

2.6

3.4

20.5

34.2

39.3

0

4.7

18.8

39.8

36.7

0

5.6

20.4

44.4

29.6

0.50

Family size

3–4 (%)

5–7 (%)

90.2

9.8

92.6

7.4

89.2

10.8

87.5

12.5

0.50

House ownership type

Private house (%)

Rental house (%)

76.5

23.5

73.0

27.0

76.7

23.3

83.9

16.1

0.27

Having the facility

Low (%)

Moderate (%)

High (%)

11.7

51.5

36.8

17.4

46.3

36.3

9.2

56.2

34.6

5.4

51.8

42.8

0.09

Household food security status

Food secure (%)

Mild FI (%)

Moderate &

Severe FI (%)

67.5

25.7

6.8

57.0

31.4

11.6

69.3

26.9

3.8

85.7

10.7

3.6

0.00

NAR

Mean ± SD

36.5 ± 7.7

34.7 ± 9.4

37.5 ± 6.0

38.1 ± 6.4

0.00

DDS

Mean ± SD

4.9 ± 1.8

4.5 ± 2.0

5.2 ± 1.6

5.3 ± 1.5

0.00

DQI-I

Mean ± SD

65.1 ± 4.4

66.1 ± 5.4

64.7 ± 3.7

63.2 ± 2.6

< 0.001

Total (%)

100

39.5

42.3

18.2

 
  1. *BMI: Body Mass Index, SD = Standard Deviation, FI = Food Insecurity, NAR: Nutrient Adequacy Ratio, DDS: Dietary Diversity Score, DQI-I: Diet Quality Index-International. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant
  2. † ANOVA was used for quantitative variables and Chi-square test for qualitative variables
  3. Economic status was assessed by a questionnaire and was classified according to appliances of life [14]: low: 3 or less than 3; moderate:4–6; high: 7–9