Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants from the COBRA study
Characteristics | All (n = 1546) | MEN (n = 846) | WOMEN (n = 700) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Age (years ± SD) | 50.0 ± 10.2 | 50.4 ± 10.1 | 49.5 ± 10.5 | 0.74 |
Educational status- n (%) | ||||
 No formal education | 478 (30.9) | 166 (25.4) | 312 (44.6) | <0.01 |
 Primary -middle school | 532 (34.4) | 342 (40.4) | 190 (27.1) |  |
 Secondary-Intermediate | 354 (22.9) | 215 (25.4) | 139 (19.9) |  |
 Graduate and above | 182 (11.8) | 123 (14.5) | 59 (8.4) |  |
Marital status- n (%) | ||||
 Single/divorce/widow | 245 (15.8) | 55 (6.5) | 190 (27.1) | <0.01 |
 Married | 1301 (84.2) | 791 (93.5) | 510 (72.9) |  |
Biological variables (mean ± SD) | ||||
 BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 5.3 | 23.9 ± 4.7 | 26.2 ± 5.6 | <0.01 |
 WC (cm) | 87.7 ± 12.5 | 89.4 ± 12.7 | 85.6 ± ± 11.8 | 0.17 |
 SBP (mmHg) | 130.2 ± 19.5 | 131.1 ± 18.8 | 129.0 20.4 | 0.05 |
 DBP (mmHg) | 83.1 ± 11.0 | 83.6 ± 11.1 | 82.5 ± 11.0 | 0.61 |
 Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 185.0 ± 37.0 | 183.3 ± 36.2 | 187.2 ± 38.0 | 0.55 |
 LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) 2 | 113.8 ± 29.2 | 113.9 ± 28.9 | 113.8 ± 29.7 | 0.77 |
 Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 147.3 ± 89.3 | 153.6 ± 92.5 | 139.8 ± 84.8 | 0.01 |
 HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) 3 | 40.3 ± 10.1 | 37.2 ± 8.4 | 44.2 ± 9.8 | <0.01 |
 FBS (mg/dl) | 101 ± 28.8 | 100.6 ± 28.8 | 103.28.7 | 0.51 |
Prevalence of CVD Risk Factors- n (%) | ||||
 Obese kg/m2 (BMI ≥25) | 711 (46.0) | 312 (36.9) | 383 (54.8) | <0.01 |
 Central Obesity (WC ≥90 cm in males or ≥80 cm in females) | 883 (57.1) | 407 (48.1) | 476 (68.1) | <0.01 |
 Elevated SBP (≥120 mmHg) | 1054 (68.2) | 610 (72.1) | 444 (63.4) | <0.01 |
 High Cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL) | 500 (32.3) | 261 (30.9) | 239 (34.1) | 0.09 |
 High LDL-C (≥100 mg/dL) | 1079 (69.8) | 588 (69.5) | 491 (70.1) | 0.82 |
 High TG (≥150 mg/dL) | 555 (35.9) | 318 (37.6) | 237 (33.9) | 0.13 |
 Low HDL(<40 mg/dL) | 870 (56.3) | 602 (71.2) | 268 (38.3) | <0.01 |
 Elevated FBS (≥100 mg/dL) | 539 (34.9) | 260 (30.7) | 279 (39.9) | <0.01 |
 Physical Activity (No) | 289 (18.7) | 109 (12.9) | 180 (25.7) | <0.01 |
 Tobacco use (Yes) | 794 (51.4) | 587 (69.4) | 207 (29.6) | <0.01 |