Continent a | N (%) |
 Africa | 11 (52) |
 Asia | 9 (43) |
 Latin America | 1(5) |
Setting | N (%) |
 Rural | 15 (71) |
 Urban | 3 (14) |
 Both | 3 (14) |
Type of study | N (%) |
 Longitudinal study | 9 (43) |
 Repeated cross-sectional studies | 7 (33) |
 Cohort | 3 (14) |
 Secondary data analysis | 1(5) |
 Growth monitoring data (health centre) | 1(5) |
Age group | N (%) |
 0 to 59 months | 4 (19) |
 6 to 59 months | 4 (19) |
 12 to 59 months | 3 (14) |
 6 to 36 months | 2 (10) |
 Otherb | 8 (38) |
Independent variable | N (%) |
 Seasonal change | 17 (81) |
 Devaluation of CFA franc | 1(5) |
 Drought and financial crisis 1997/1998 | 1(5) |
 Herd dynamic, food, biophysical and seasonality | 1(5) |
 Seasonal change and change over the years | 1(5) |
Dependent variable | N (%) |
 WFHL | 18 (86) |
 WFA | 13 (62) |
 H/LFA | 12 (57) |
 MUAC | 7 (33) |
 Weight | 7 (33) |
 Height | 7 (33) |
 MUAC-for-Age | 3 (14) |
 Otherc | 6 (29) |
Number of dependent variables | N (%) |
 One | 4 (19) |
 Two | 1(5) |
 Three | 8 (38) |
 Four | 1(5) |
 Five | 4 (19) |
 Six + | 3 (14) |
Variable treatment | N (%) |
 Change in mean and prevalence of indice(s) | 10 (48) |
 Change in mean indice(s) | 7 (33) |
 Change in prevalence of indice(s) | 6 (29) |
 Standard | N (%) |
 NCHS | 11 (52) |
 WHO | 7 (33) |
 Harvard | 2 (10) |
 CDC-2000 | 1(5) |
Unit | N (%) |
 Z-score | 14 (67) |
 % median | 5 (24) |
 % of median & Z-score | 2 (10) |