Table 2 General characteristics of study participants across the tertiles of DQI-I
From: The association between meal-based diet quality index-international (DQI-I) with obesity in adults
Variables | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DQI-I* (Breakfast) | DQI-I (Lunch) | DQI-I (Dinner) | ||||||||||
T1 N = 281 | T2 N = 282 | T3 N = 283 | P** | T1 N = 280 | T2 N = 284 | T3 N = 278 | P | T1 N = 282 | T2 N = 281 | T3 N = 284 | P | |
Age | 42.73 ± 10.16 | 42.15 ± 10.97 | 41.60 ± 10.58 | 0.20 | 42.43 ± 10.55 | 42.1 ± 10.66 | 41.92 ± 10.57 | 0.57 | 41.82 ± 10.95 | 42.42 ± 10.32 | 42.22 ± 10.53 | 0.65 |
BMI | 27.38 ± 4.32 | 26.98 ± 4.82 | 27.23 ± 4.36 | 0.70 | 27.04 ± 4.45 | 27.44 ± 4.60 | 27.18 ± 4.41 | 0.69 | 26.90 ± 4.63 | 27.18 ± 4.29 | 27.56 ± 4.56 | 0.07 |
Height | 1.62 ± 8.84 | 1.62 ± 8.95 | 1.63 ± 8.61 | 0.15a | 1.62 ± 8.72 | 1.63 ± 8.85 | 1.62 ± 8.88 | 0.44 | 1.61 ± 8.45 | 1.62 ± 8.77 | 1.63 ± 9.14 | 0.06 |
Weight | 72.75 ± 12.82 | 71.02 ± 13.93 | 73.09 ± 14.28 | 0.76 | 72.18 ± 14.19 | 73.10 ± 13.48 | 71.75 ± 13.46 | 0.71 | 70.41 ± 12.54 | 72.29 ± 13.68 | 74.27 ± 14.54 | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference | 89.62 ± 10.40 | 87.74 ± 12.13 | 89.79 ± 12.28 | 0.86 | 89.41 ± 12.09 | 88.81 ± 11.78 | 89.19 ± 11.02 | 0.81 | 87.92 ± 11.32 | 89.22 ± 11.63 | 90.17 ± 11.95 | 0.07 |
Gender | < 0.001 | 0.44 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
Male (%) | 26(17.7) | 49(33.3) | 72(49.0) | 42(32.3) | 52(35.6) | 52(35.6) | 26(34.8) | 49(29.3) | 72(49.0) | |||
Female (%) | 255(36.5) | 233(33.3) | 211(30.2) | 238(34.2) | 232(33.3) | 226(32.5) | 256(36.6) | 232(33.1) | 212(30.3) | |||
Smoking | 0.07 | 0.16 | ||||||||||
Not smoking (%) | 263(33) | 264(33.1) | 271(34) | 271(34.1) | 266(33.5) | 257(32.4) | 264(33) | 272(34) | 263(32.9) | 0.75 | ||
Quit smoking (%) | 6(42.9) | 8(57.1) | 0(0.00) | 2(14.3) | 7(50.0) | 5(35.7) | 5(33.3) | 4(26.7) | 6(40) | |||
Smoking (%) | 8(28.6) | 8(28.6) | 12(42.9) | 5(17.9) | 10(35.7) | 13(46.4) | 9(32.1) | 7(25) | 12(49.2) | |||
Education | < 0.001 | 0.78 | 0.47 | |||||||||
Illiterate (%) | 16(28.6) | 19(33.9) | 21(37.5) | 19(33.9) | 17(30.4) | 20(35.7) | 16(28.6) | 17(30.4) | 23(41.1) | |||
Under diploma (%) | 61(31.1) | 71(36.2) | 64(32.3) | 65(33.2) | 59(30.1) | 72(36.7) | 64(32.3) | 71(35.9) | 63(31.8) | |||
Diploma (%) | 98(33.7) | 99(34.0) | 94(32.3) | 99(34.1) | 100(34.5) | 91(31.4) | 88(30.1) | 104(35.6) | 100(34.2) | |||
Educated (%) | 102(34.3) | 91(30.6) | 104(35.0) | 95(32.3) | 107(36.4) | 92(31.3) | 109(36.9) | 89(30.2) | 97(32.9) | |||
Job status | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.44 | |||||||||
Employee (%) | 104(33.4) | 113(36.3) | 94(30.2) | 95(31.0) | 110(35.9) | 101(33.0) | 100(32.6) | 105(34.2) | 102(33.2) | |||
Retired | 19(40.4) | 19(40.4) | 9(19.1) | 9(19.1) | 20(42.6) | 18(38.3) | 21(44.7) | 11(23.4) | 15(31.9) | |||
Unemployed | 10(22.2) | 21(46.7) | 14(31.1) | 20(45.5) | 10(22.7) | 14(31.8) | 11(24.4) | 13(28.9) | 21(46.7) | |||
Housekeeper (%) | 174(32.8) | 168(31.8) | 188(35.5) | 154(35.2) | 142(32.4) | 142(32.4) | 145(32.9) | 152(34.5) | 144(32.7) | |||
Marriage | 0.17 | 0.86 | 0.63 | |||||||||
Single (%) | 58(35.4) | 56(34.1) | 50(30.5) | 39(34.8) | 38(33.9) | 35(31.2) | 226(33.3) | 227(33.5) | 225(33.2) | |||
Divorced | 3(25) | 5(41.7) | 4(33.3) | 3(25) | 3(25) | 6(50) | 6(50.0) | 2(16.7) | 4(33.3) | |||
Dead spouse | 12(31.6) | 14(36.8) | 12(31.6) | 15(39.5) | 12(31.6) | 11(28.9) | 14(36.8) | 11(28.9) | 13(34.2) | |||
Married (%) | 220(32.4) | 226(33.3) | 232(34.2) | 221(32.8) | 230(34.1) | 223(33.1) | 25(31.7) | 56(34.1) | 56(34.1) | |||
Physical activity | 0.26 | 0.62 | 0.50 | |||||||||
Low activity (%) | 158(36.1) | 145(33.1) | 135(30.8) | 142(32.3) | 167(38.0) | 131(29.8) | 138(31.2) | 161(36.3) | 144(32.5) | |||
Moderate Active (%) | 98(30.3) | 105(32.5) | 120(37.2) | 104(32.5) | 106(33.1) | 110(34.4) | 111(31.5) | 100(30.3) | 108(33.8) | |||
Extremely active (%) | 21(27.6) | 28(36.8) | 27(35.5) | 23(30.3) | 27(35.5) | 26(34.2) | 27(35.5) | 20(26.3) | 29(38.2) | |||