From: Time-related meal patterns and breakfast quality in a sample of Iranian adults
 | Mean (95%CI) g/B | BQI categories | P trend | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Medium | High | |||
(0-3points) | (4–6 points) | (7–10 points) | |||
n = 231 | n = 529 | n = 90 | |||
Mean (95%CI) | Mean (95%CI) | Mean (95%CI) | |||
Bread a | 40.33 (38.29—42.76) | 35.32 (31.76—40.17) | 41.92 (38.06—44.50) | 44.39 (38.76–41.47) | 0.040* |
Other Grain b | 2.35 (2.01- 3.61) | 1.45 (0.29—2.11) | 2.98 (2.14—3.72) | 1.57 (0.64 -2.85) | 0.035* |
Cheese a | 15.33 (14.80 -16.74) | 12.92 (10.86 -13.92) | 16.55 (15.33 -16.81) | 18.92 (16.86—20.57) |  < 0.001* |
Egg | 7.35 (6.42—9.81) | 7.98 (6.24—9.74) | 7.65 (6.83—8.90) | 8.62 (6.86—9.48) | 0.771 |
Low Fat Milk b | 11.86 (9.54 -13.71) | 8.45 (4.31–12.59) | 13.45 (10.33 -16.81) | 7.45 (2.83 -12.51) | 0.036* |
High Fat Milk | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
Butter | 1.59 (1.32 -1.79) | 1.82 (1.46—2.27) | 1.45 (1.33—1.81) | 1.23 (1.06—1.42) | 0.146 |
Solid Oil | 0.32 (0.26—0.49) | 0.25 (0.1—0.41) | 0.39 (0.26—0.52) | 0.18 (0.03—0.32) | 0.073 |
Liquid vegetable oil | 0.73 (.61—0.79) | 0.7 (0.54—0.86) | 0.73 (0.61- 0.81) | 0.52 (0.30—0.74) | 0.491 |
Poultry c | 1.18 (0.71—2.06) | 1.05 (0.33—2.01) | 1.04 (0.63—1.58) | 0.35 (0.02—0.81) | 0.005* |
Red meat | 1.39 (0.91–2.67) | 1.45 (0.33—11.51) | 1.26 (0.33—10.84) | 1.80 (0.33 -12.36) | 0.801 |
Processes meat | 0.28 (0.08—0.71) | 0.18 (0.03—0.50) | 0.38 (0.04—0.76) | 0 | - |
Legume | 0.55 (0.42—0.71) | 0.67(0.20—1.42) | 0.55 (0.36—0.84) | 0.35 (0.03—0.41) | 0.189 |
Nuts | 1.32 (0.8—1.89) | 1.52 (0.03—2.74) | 1.29 (0.73 -1.81) | 1.03 (0.65—1.49) | 0.643 |
Red vegetable a | 5.34 (4.19—6.58) | 0.68 (0.04 -1.42) | 5.41(4.05—6.89) | 11.79 (7.06—16.72) |  < 0.001* |
Green leafy vegetable a | 4.93 (3.60—5.57) | 0.87 (0.13 -1.58) | 6.23 (4.98—7.71) | 15.03 (10.30—19.65) |  < 0.001* |
Other vegetable | 0.32 (0.01—3.45) | 0 | 0.34 (0.06—0.68) | 0 | 0.289 |
Fruits and fruits juice a | 3.45 (2.09—4.19) | 0.36 (0.06—0.77) | 4.92 (3.86—5.22) | 6.55 (3.33—7.51) |  < 0.001* |
Sugar c | 8.41 (8.01—9.76) | 9.76 (8.43 -10.75) | 8.47 (7.49—8.98) | 7.21 (2.37—11.41) | 0.032* |
Sweet and cake | 6.94 (5.73—9.72) | 9.65(6.75 -12.83) | 5.87 (4.33 -7.91) | 6.15 (2.63—11.01) | 0.163 |
Salty snack | 0.04 (0.01- 0.61) | 0 | 0.06 (0.02—0.16) | 0 | - |
Black tea | 148.32 (145.11—154.50) | 152.32 (141.4—157.52) | 148.33 (141.11—155.13) | 137.20 (124.1–144.2) | 0.215 |
Herbal tea | 0.27 (0.03—0.59) | 0 | 0.42 (0.06—0.92) | 0 | - |
Coffee | 0.59 (0.21—0.89) | 0.53 (0.06 -1.21) | 0.45 (0.01—0.88) | 0.87 (0.03—2.51) | 0.901 |
Energy a(Kcal/B) | 416.1 (411.6—419.4) | 374.6 (360.06—398.14) | 428.9 (415.11—441.08) | 438.5 (414.6—461.20) |  < 0.001* |
Carbohydrate a | 66.48 (64.80—69.53) | 61.28 (57.06—65.03) | 63.32 (65.83 – 69.93) | 70.79 (66.50 -74.13) | 0.006* |
Protein | 13.03 (12.31–13.86) | 12.13 (10.13 -13.26) | 13.50 (12.31 -14.06) | 13.93 (12.33—13.89) | 0.318 |
Fat | 12.63 (12.09 -13.71) | 12.01 (11.09 -13.01) | 13.53 (12.39 – 13.66) | 13.58 (12.29—14.52) | 0.551 |