Table 4 HEI (Health Eating Index) and Individual Items
From: Dietary trends among young adults during the COVID-19 lockdown: socioeconomic and gender disparities
| Â | Â | Household Income | Gender | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Overall M(SD) or n (%) | Lower M(SD) or n (%) | Higher M(SD) or n (%) | P-value | Male M(SD) or n (%) | Female M(SD) or n (%) | P-value |
Healthy Eating index* | 21.96 (5.38) | 21.0 (4.99) | 23.53 (5.66) | <.001 | 21.96 (5.63) | 21.98 (5.34) | .973 |
Overall eating habits | Â | Â | Â | ||||
Much less healthy | 30 (11.9) | 21 (13.4) | 9 (9.4) | .041 | 7 (9.9) | 22 (12.2) | .617 |
Less healthy | 108 (42.7) | 74 (47.1) | 34 (35.4) | 30 (42.3) | 77(42.8) | ||
No change | 69 (27.3) | 42 (26.8) | 27 (28.1) | 22 (31.0) | 47 (26.1) | ||
More healthy | 7 (14.6) | 17 (10.8) | 20 (20.8) | 8 (11.3) | 29 (16.1) | ||
Much more healthy | 9 (3.6) | 3 (1.9) | 6 (6.3) | 4 (5.6) | 5 (2.8) | ||
Sense of hunger and satiety | Â | Â | Â | ||||
Much less healthy | 16 (6.3) | 12 (7.6) | 4 (4.2) | .020 | 3 (4.2) | 13 (7.2) | .516 |
Less healthy | 117 (46.2) | 80 (51.0) | 37 (38.5) | 29 (40.8) | 85 (47.2) | ||
No change | 84 (.2) | 46 (29.3) | 38 (39.6) | 25 (35.2) | 59 (32.8) | ||
More healthy | 32 (12.6) | 19 (12.1) | 13 (13.5) | 12 (16.9) | 21 (11.7) | ||
Much more healthy | 4 (1.6) | 0 | 4 (4.2) | 2 (2.8) | 2 (1.1) | ||
Amount of meals prepared at home | Â | Â | Â | ||||
Much less healthy | 13 (5.1) | 10 (6.4) | 3 (3.1) | .012 | 5 (7.0) | 8 (4.4) | .144 |
Less healthy | 56 (22.1) | 38 (24.2) | 18 (18.8) | 18 (25.4) | 37 (20.6) | ||
No change | 84 (33.2) | 59 (37.6) | 25 (26.0) | 29 (40.8) | 55 (30.6) | ||
More healthy | 78 (30.8) | 42 (26.8) | 36 (37.5) | 15 (21.1) | 63 (35.0) | ||
Much more healthy | 22 (8.7) | 8 (5.1) | 14 (14.6) | 4 (5.6) | 17 (9.4) | ||
Snack consumption | Â | Â | Â | ||||
Much less healthy | 30 (11.9) | 21 (13.4) | 9 (9.4) | .092 | 12 (16.9) | 18 (10.0) | .321 |
Less healthy | 121 (47.8) | 79 (50.3) | 42 (43.8) | 31 (43.7) | 87 (48.3) | ||
No change | 74 (29.2) | 45 (28.7) | 29 (30.2) | 21 (29.6) | 53 (29.4) | ||
More healthy | 22 (8.7) | 11 (7.0)2 | 11 (11.5) | 7 (9.9) | 16 (8.9) | ||
Much more healthy | 6 (2.4) | 1 (.6) | 5 (5.2) | 0 (0) | 6 (3.3) | ||
Intake of immunity-boosting foods (such as greens, citrus fruits, etc) | Â | Â | Â | ||||
Much less healthy | 17 (6.7) | 13 (8.3) | 4 (4.2) | .518 | 4 (5.6) | 13 (7.3) | .547 |
Less healthy | 49 (19.4) | 28 (17.8) | 21 (21.9) | 17 (23.9) | 31 (17.3) | ||
No change | 102 (40.3) | 65 (34.4) | 37 (38.5) | 24 (33.8) | 78 (43.6) | ||
More healthy | 67 (26.5) | 42 (26.8) | 25 (26.0) | 20 (28.2) | 46 (25.7) | ||
Much more healthy | 18 (7.1) | 9 (5.7) | 9 (9.4) | 6 (8.5) | 11 (6.1) | ||
Indulging in more restaurant and/or fast foods | Â | Â | Â | ||||
Much less healthy | 25 (9.9) | 18 (11.5) | 7 (7.3) | .021 | 5 (7.0) | 20 (11.1) | .523 |
Less healthy | 77 (30.4) | 55 (35.0) | 22 (22.9) | 24 (35.2) | 50 (27.8) | ||
No change | 48 (19.0) | 30 (19.1) | 18 (18.8) | 16 (22.5) | 32 (17.8) | ||
More healthy | 45 (17.8) | 19 (12.1) | 26 (27.1) | 11 (15.5) | 34 (18.9) | ||
Much more healthy | 58 (22.9) | 35 (22.3) | 23 (24.0) | 14 (19.7) | 44 (24.4) | ||
Indulging in more unhealthy foods during moments of boredom or distress | Â | Â | Â | ||||
Much less healthy | 52 (20.6) | 40 (25.5) | 12 (12.5) | .014 | 12 (16.9) | 40 (22.2) | .873 |
Less healthy | 117 (46.2) | 74 (47.1) | 43 (44.8) | 33 (46.5) | 82 (45.6) | ||
No change | 52 (20.6) | 25 (16.6) | 26 (27.1) | 15 (21.1) | 36 (20.0) | ||
More healthy | 22 (8.7) | 14 (8.9) | 8 (8.3) | 8 (11.3) | 15 (8.3) | ||
Much more healthy | 10 (4.0) | 3 (1.9) | 7 (7.3) | 3 (4.2) | 7 (3.9) | ||
Number of meals eaten per day | Â | Â | Â | ||||
Much less healthy | 20 (7.9) | 16 (10.2) | 4 (4.2) | .257 | 4 (5.6) | 16 (8.9) | .592 |
Less healthy | 73 (28.9) | 44 (28.0) | 29 (30.2) | 20 (28.2) | 52 (28.9) | ||
No change | 93 (36.8) | 61 (38.9) | 32 (33.3) | 31 (43.7) | 63 (35.0) | ||
More healthy | 58 (22.9) | 31 (19.7) | 27 (28.1) | 15 (21.1) | 42 (23.3) | ||
Much more healthy | 9 (3.6) | 5 (3.2) | 4 (4.2) | 1 (1.4) | 7 (3.9) | ||