Table 1 Daily intake of vitamins/minerals from food, and from food + dietary supplements (DS) combined, in adolescent male non-users and users of DS.
From: Questionable advisability of vitamin and mineral dietary supplement use in adolescents
Males N = 162 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-users N = 115 | DS Users N = 47 | ||||||||||||
D-A-CH | Food | Food | Food + DS | ||||||||||
(2016) | M (5th – 95th percentil) | M (5th – 95th percentil) | M (5th – 95th percentil) | p | |||||||||
VITAMINS (units/day) | |||||||||||||
Vitamin A (µg) | 1100 | 469 | (322–605) | 517 | (341–732)** | 517 | (341–732) ** | 1.0 | |||||
Vitamin D (µg) | 20 | 1.4 | (0.8–2.2) | 1.7 | (0.9–2.9)** | 1.7 | (0.9–3.0)** | 0.32 | |||||
Vitamin E (mg TE) | 15 | 9.0 | (5.4–12.6) | 10.2 | (5.9–16.3)*** | 11.7 | (65–20.9)*** | 0.000 | |||||
Vitamin K (µg) | 70 | 55 | (40–69) | 60 | (42–81)** | 60 | (42–84)** | 0.32 | |||||
Vitamin B1 (mg) | 1.4 | 1.3 | (0.8–1.8) | 1.5 | (0.8–2.4)*** | 1.6 | (0.9–2.4)*** | 0.000 | |||||
Vitamin B2 (mg) | 1.6 | 1.5 | (0.9–2.1) | 1.7 | (1.0–2.8)** | 1.9 | (1.1–3.0)*** | 0.000 | |||||
Niacin (mg NE) | 17 | 25 | (15–35) | 28 | (17–44)** | 31 | (18–47)*** | 0.000 | |||||
Panthotenic a. (mg) | 6 | 4.7 | (2.9–6.5) | 5.3 | (3.1–8.3)** | 6.1 | (3.5–10.7)*** | 0.000 | |||||
Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.6 | 1.7 | (1.0–2.3) | 1.9 | (1.1–3.0)** | 2.1 | (1.2–3.3)*** | 0.000 | |||||
Biotin (µg) | 30–60 | 28 | (18–37) | 31 | (19–46)** | 31 | (19–49)** | 0.04 | |||||
Folate (µg DFE) | 300 | 231 | (147–313) | 259 | (157–394)** | 285 | (170–449)*** | 0.000 | |||||
Vitamin B12 (µg) | 3.0 | 3.1 | (1.7–4.6) | 3.6 | (1.9–6.1)** | 3.9 | (2.1–6.6)*** | 0.000 | |||||
Vitamin C (mg) | 105 | 91 | (58–123) | 102 | (62–155)** | 112 | (67–273)*** | 0.000 | |||||
MINERALS (units/day) | |||||||||||||
Calcium (mg) | 1200 | 1307 | (1005–1560) | 1398 | (1045–1782)** | 1398 | (1045–1782)** | 0.000 | |||||
Magnesium (mg) | 400 | 256 | (163–347) | 287 | (175–435)** | 287 | (175–435)** | 0.07 | |||||
Iron (mg) | 12 | 14.2 | (7.8–21.4) | 16.6 | (8.5–29.1)** | 16.6 | (8.5–31.0)** | 0.32 | |||||
Zinc (mg) | 10 | 9.1 | (5.2–13.3) | 10.5 | (5.6–17.7)** | / | / | ||||||
Iodine (µg) | 200 | 71 | (48–91) | 78 | (51–110)** | / | / | ||||||
Copper (mg) | 1.0–1.5 | 1.5 | (0.9–2.2) | 1.7 | (1.0–2.9)** | 1.8 | (1.0–2.9)** | 1.0 | |||||
Selenium (µg) | 70 | 72 | (45–98) | 81 | (48–124)** | / | / | ||||||
Potassium (mg) | 2000 | 2872 | (1737–4036) | 3270 | (1873–5211)** | 3270 | (1873–5211)** | 0.18 | |||||
Phosphorous (mg) | 1250 | 1189 | (702–1698) | 1362 | (759–2220)** | / | / | ||||||
Fluoride (mg) | / | 182 | (107–262) | 209 | (115–344)** | / | / | ||||||
Sodium (mg) | 550 | 2581 | (1416–3871) | 3012 | (1550–5252)** | 3012 | (1550–5252)** | 0.18 | |||||
Manganese (mg) | 2.5–5.0 | 4.2 | (2.5–6.0) | 4.8 | (2.7–7.9)** | 4.8 | (2.7–7.9)** | 1.0 | |||||
Chrome (µg) | 30–100 | 22 | (13–32) | 26 | (14–43)** | / | / | ||||||
Molybdenum (µg) | 50–100 | 32 | (19–45) | 36 | (21–58)** | / | / | ||||||
Chlorine (mg) | / | 4180 | (2303–6254) | 4875 | (2519–8469)** | / | / | ||||||