Table 2 Daily intake of vitamins/minerals from food, and from food + dietary supplements (DS) combined, in adolescent female non-users and users of DS.
From: Questionable advisability of vitamin and mineral dietary supplement use in adolescents
Females N = 180 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DS Non-users N = 128 | DS Users N = 52 | ||||||||||||
D-A-CH | Food | Food | Food + DS | ||||||||||
(2016) | M (5th – 95th percentil) | M (5th – 95th percentil) | M (5th – 95th percentil) | p | |||||||||
VITAMINS (units/day) | |||||||||||||
Vitamin A (µg) | 900 | 377 | (269–553) | 375 | (263–499) | 375 | (263–525) | 0.32 | |||||
Vitamin D (µg) | 20 | 1.0 | (0.6–1.9) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.6) | 1.0 | (0.6–3.3) | 0.18 | |||||
Vitamin E (mg TE) | 12 | 6.7 | (4.3–11.2) | 6.7 | (4.1–9.7) | 7.4 | (4.7–12.8)* | 0.000 | |||||
Vitamin K (µg) | 60 | 45 | (34–64) | 45 | (33–58) | 45 | (33–58) | 0.32 | |||||
Vitamin B1 (mg) | 1.1 | 0.9 | (0.6–1.6) | 0.9 | (0.6–1.4) | 1.1 | 0.6–2.2) | 0.000 | |||||
Vitamin B2 (mg) | 1.2 | 1.1 | (0.7–1.9) | 1.1 | (0.7–1.6) | 1.3 | (0.7–2.2) | 0.000 | |||||
Niacin (mg NE) | 13 | 19 | (12–31) | 19 | (12–27) | 20 | (12–31) | 0.000 | |||||
Panthotenic a. (mg) | 6 | 3.6 | (2.3–5.8) | 3.5 | (2.3–5.1) | 4.0 | (2.4–7.5)* | 0.000 | |||||
Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.2 | 1.2 | (0.8–2.1) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.8) | 1.4 | (0.8–2.3) | 0.000 | |||||
Biotin (µg) | 30–60 | 22 | (15–33) | 22 | (15–30) | 22 | (15–30) | 0.04 | |||||
Folate (µg DFE) | 300 | 177 | (118–281) | 176 | (115–248) | 187 | (116–294) | 0.000 | |||||
Vitamin B12 (µg) | 3.0 | 2.2 | (1.3–4.0) | 2.2 | (1.3–3.4) | 2.3 | (1.3–4.1) | 0.000 | |||||
Vitamin C (mg) | 90 | 70 | (47–111) | 70 | (46–98) | 81 | (46–145)* | 0.000 | |||||
MINERALS (units/day) | |||||||||||||
Calcium (mg) | 1200 | 1121 | (886–1466) | 1118 | (872–1364) | 1118 | (872–1388) | 0.000 | |||||
Magnesium (mg) | 350 | 197 | (132–312) | 196 | (128–275) | 198 | (131–293) | 0.01 | |||||
Iron (mg) | 15 | 10.0 | (5.8–18.5) | 10.0 | (5.6–15.7) | 10.0 | (5.5–15.7) | 0.32 | |||||
Zinc (mg) | 7.0 | 6.5 | (3.9–11.6) | 6.5 | (3.8–10.0) | 6.5 | (3.8–10.1) | 0.29 | |||||
Iodine (µg) | 200 | 57 | (40–83) | 56 | (39–75) | / | / | ||||||
Copper (mg) | 1.0–1.5 | 1.1 | (0.7–1.9) | 1.1 | (0.7–1.7) | 1.1 | (0.7–1.7) | 0.32 | |||||
Selenium (µg) | 60 | 55 | (36–88) | 54 | (35–77) | / | / | ||||||
Potassium (mg) | 2000 | 2142 | (1364–3583) | 2129 | (1322–3118) | 2129 | (1322–3118) | 0.18 | |||||
Phosphorous (mg) | 1250 | 874 | (545–1499) | 868 | (527–1296) | / | / | ||||||
Fluoride (mg) | / | 133 | (82–231) | 132 | (80–199) | / | / | ||||||
Sodium (mg) | 550 | 1819 | (1062–3359) | 1806 | (1023–2847) | 1806 | (1024–2847) | 0.18 | |||||
Manganese (mg) | 2.5–5.0 | 3.1 | (1.9–5.3) | 3.1 | (1.9–4.6) | 3.1 | (1.9–4.6) | 0.32 | |||||
Chrome (µg) | 30–100 | 16 | (10–28) | 16 | (10–24) | / | / | ||||||
Molybdenum (µg) | 50–100 | 24 | (15–40) | 24 | (15–35) | / | / | ||||||
Chlorine (mg) | / | 2953 | (1730–5431) | 2931 | (1667–4608) | / | / | ||||||