Table 3 Risk factors for women’s anemia in Chad in 2019 and 2021
Characteristics | 2019 (n = 5,527) | 2021 (n = 6,033) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Woman | n (%) | cOR (95% CI)1 | aOR (95% CI)2 | n (%) | cOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI)2 |
Age | ||||||
15–19 | 1,029 (18.6) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.23) | 1,186 (19.7) | 1.14 (0.98, 1.32) | ||
20–29 | 2,310 (41.8) | 1.00 | 2,453 (40.7) | 1.00 | ||
30–39 | 1,540 (27.9) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.07) | 1,665 (27.6) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.16) | ||
40–49 | 648 (11.7) | 1.02 (0.85, 1.21) | 729 (12.1) | 1.01 (0.84, 1.20) | ||
Status3 | ||||||
Pregnant | 801 (14.5) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.12) | 944 (15.7) | 0.94 (0.80, 1.10) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.20) | |
Lactating | 1,954 (35.4) | 1.10 (0.98, 1.24) | 2,055 (34.1) | 1.12 (1.00, 1.26) | 1.13 (0.99, 1.27) | |
Pregnant & lactating | 37 (0.7) | 0.59 (0.29, 1.21) | 80 (1.3) | 0.32 (0.17, 0.63) | 0.31 (0.16, 0.61) | |
NPNL | 2,735 (49.5) | 1.00 | 2,954 (49.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Nutrition counseling4 | ||||||
Receipt in last 3 mo. | 994 (18.0) | 0.71 (0.62, 0.82) | 0.68 (0.59, 0.79) | 1,378 (22.9) | 0.92 (0.81, 1.05) | |
Nutrition knowledge | ||||||
Women’s nutrition | 1,391 (25.2) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.14) | 1,639 (27.2) | 0.86 (0.76, 0.97) | 0.78 (0.69, 0.89) | |
Anemia prevention | 297 (5.4) | 1.06 (0.83, 1.34) | 417 (6.9) | 0.86 (0.69, 1.07) | ||
Head of Household | ||||||
Sex (male) | 4,124 (74.6) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.08) | 4,364 (72.3) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.09) | ||
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 5,013 (90.7) | 1.00 | 5,383 (89.2) | 1.00 | ||
Single/Divorced/ Widowed | 514 (9.3) | 0.96 (0.80, 1.15) | 650 (10.8) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.27) | ||
Education level | ||||||
Illiterate | 2,848 (51.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2,939 (48.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Literate | 1,213 (22.0) | 0.73 (0.63, 0.84) | 0.75 (0.65, 0.87) | 1,440 (23.9) | 0.83 (0.72, 0.95) | 0.81 (0.70, 0.93) |
Primary schooling | 706 (12.8) | 1.05 (0.89, 1.24) | 0.94 (0.79, 1.12) | 792 (13.1) | 1.32 (1.11, 1.55) | 1.07 (0.90, 1.28) |
Secondary/post-secondary | 760 (13.8) | 0.92 (0.78, 1.08) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.06) | 862 (14.3) | 1.09 (0.93, 1.28) | 0.91 (0.75, 1.09) |
Income Source | ||||||
Farmer | 3,426 (62.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3,380 (56.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Pastoralist | 346 (6.3) | 0.68 (0.54, 0.86) | 0.81 (0.63, 1.02) | 429 (7.1) | 0.71 (0.57, 0.89) | 0.92 (0.73, 1.17) |
Business/transport | 756 (13.7) | 0.63 (0.54, 0.75) | 0.69 (0.59, 0.82) | 981 (16.3) | 0.58 (0.49, 0.68) | 0.64 (0.54, 0.75) |
Temporary work | 220 (4.0) | 0.77 (0.58, 1.02) | 0.79 (0.60, 1.05) | 232 (3.9) | 0.57 (0.41, 0.78) | 0.55 (0.40, 0.76) |
Civil servant | 278 (5.0) | 0.64 (0.50, 0.83) | 0.69 (0.52, 0.90) | 266 (4.4) | 0.72 (0.55, 0.95) | 0.76 (0.56, 1.01) |
Other salaried work | 117 (2.1) | 0.66 (0.45, 0.97) | 0.69 (0.47, 1.02) | 186 (3.1) | 0.93 (0.68, 1.28) | 0.85 (0.62, 1.17) |
Unemployed | 249 (4.5) | 0.63 (0.48, 0.83) | 0.66 (0.51, 0.87) | 345 (5.7) | 0.61 (0.47, 0.79) | 0.64 (0.50, 0.83) |
Other | 135 (2.4) | 0.79 (0.55, 1.12) | 0.81 (0.57, 1.16) | 214 (3.6) | 0.83 (0.62, 1.12) | 0.88 (0.65, 1.19) |
Agroecological Zone | ||||||
Saharan zone | 862 (15.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 995 (16.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Sahelian zone | 2,770 (50.1) | 1.81 (1.54, 2.14) | 1.80 (1.52, 2.14) | 2,885 (47.8) | 2.17 (1.89, 2.60) | 2.13 (1.77, 2.57) |
Sudanian zone | 1,636 (29.6) | 2.27 (1.91, 2.71) | 2.42 (2.00, 2.94) | 1,817 (30.1) | 3.06 (2.53, 3.69) | 3.16 (2.57, 3.89) |
N’Djamena | 259 (4.7) | 1.19 (0.88, 1.60) | 1.46 (1.07, 1.98) | 336 (5.6) | 1.98 (1.49, 2.64) | 2.27 (1.68, 3.06) |