Table 3 Clinical and demographic characteristics of subjects with 2-day dietary recall used to calculate PDI
From: Plant-based dietary patterns and fasting insulin: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2017–2018
Total (n = 1714) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P-trend* | |
(n = 1714)a | (n = 361)b | (n = 308)c | (n = 345)d | (n = 369)e | (n = 331)f | ||
Demographics | |||||||
Age, years | 52 [36–64] | 53 [35–63] | 49 [33–63] | 53 [36–65] | 53 [38–65] | 52 [38–63] | 0.09 |
Female, % | 52.23 | 51.8 | 54.55 | 54.2 | 50.68 | 50.76 | 0.51 |
Race/ethnicity, % | < 0.0001 | ||||||
Non-Hispanic White | 35.59 | 33.24 | 37.99 | 38.55 | 37.67 | 30.51 | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 23.75 | 34.9 | 32.79 | 22.32 | 15.18 | 14.2 | |
Mexican American | 13.48 | 8.03 | 11.04 | 12.17 | 18.16 | 17.82 | |
Non-Hispanic Asian | 12.08 | 6.37 | 7.47 | 10.43 | 14.63 | 21.45 | |
Other Hispanic | 9.16 | 8.59 | 6.82 | 10.43 | 7.86 | 12.08 | |
Other Race—Including Multi-Racial | 5.95 | 8.86 | 3.9 | 6.09 | 6.5 | 3.93 | |
Clinical characteristics | |||||||
BMI (kg/m**2) | 28.5 [24.7–33.5] | 29.5 [24.7–34.6] | 29.9 [25.1–34.8] | 28.2 [24.5–33.3] | 28.2 [24.8–32.8] | 27.5 [ 24.1–31.7] | 0.0001 |
Waist | |||||||
Female, cm | 97.5 [86.6–110.9] | 101.8[88.2–114] | 103[90.2–115.9] | 94.9[86.2–107.2] | 97.3[85.7–109] | 93.5[85.5–102.4] | < .0001 |
Male, cm | 100.1 [90.2–111.6] | 101.1[91–115] | 100.4[89.4–110.5] | 101.4[87.9–115.1] | 98.9[91.1–106.8] | 100.2[90.3–110.4] | 0.3 |
HDL, cholesterol | |||||||
Female (mg/dl) | 55 [47–66] | 53[46–64] | 54[47–65] | 56[48–67] | 56[47–66] | 59[50–69.5] | 0.0002 |
Male (mg/dl) | 46 [40–56] | 44 [39–57] | 48[40–57] | 46[40–55] | 46[40–54] | 47[41–57] | 0.62 |
Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 94 [63–136] | 94[65–132] | 93[63–140] | 94[61–129] | 91[61–140] | 97[62–136] | 0.8 |
Fasting glucose(mg/dl) | 104 [96–114] | 104[96–114] | 102[96–111.5] | 104[97–114] | 104[97–117] | 104[96–114] | 0.39 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124 [112–136] | 124[114–136] | 124[114–136] | 120[110–134] | 124[114–136] | 122[110–136] | 0.22 |
Diastolic blood Pressure (mmHg) | 72 [66–80] | 74[64–80] | 74[67–80] | 70[64–80] | 74[66–80] | 72[66–80] | 0.67 |
ALT (IU/L) | 18 [13–26] | 17 [12–25] | 17 [12–25] | 18 [13–27] | 18 [13–27] | 18 [14–25] | 0.07 |
Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1922 [1448–2502] | 1640 [1251–2083] | 1826 [1399–2412] | 1899 [1470–2455] | 2083 [1595–2724] | 2118 [1708–2729] | < 0.0001 |
Outcome variables | |||||||
Insulin (μU/ml) | 9.74 [6.20–15.56] | 10.0 [6.5–15.9] | 10.8[6.6–17] | 9.5[6–15.3] | 9.6 [6.2–14.2] | 8.8 [5.9–15] | 0.03 |
PDI | 7 [3–11] | 0 [(-1)-2] | 4 [3–5] | 7 [6–8] | 10 [9–11] | 15 [14–18] | |