Dairy consumption in adults in China: a systematic review

Yang, Shuhua; Bhargava, Nupur; O’Connor, Aileen; Gibney, Eileen R.; Feeney, Emma L.

doi:10.1186/s40795-023-00781-2

BMC Nutrition

Table 1 Summary of studies reporting dairy intakes

From: Dairy consumption in adults in China: a systematic review

Author, Year	Number of subjects	Age (years)	Sex; M%	Location of data collection	Year of data collection	Dietary assessment method	Dairy products reported	CASP score
Boyapati et al. 2003 [81]	1556	47.2 (8.7)^a	F; N/R	Shanghai	1996 - 1998	FFQ (in-person, 5-year period)	Milk	6/14
Zhai et al. 2007 [56]	30666	18 - 45	M and F; 47.8%	Multiple cities (provinces) A	1989, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Total dairy	8/14
Fuller et al. 2007 [38]	942^b	≤ 60	M and F; N/R	Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou	2001	Questionnaire (dairy only)	Milk, yogurt, milk powder, ice cream	8/14
Bai et al. 2008 [89]	638	37.95 (13.51)^a	M and F; 50.5%	Qingdao	2005	In-person interview	Fluid milk	9/14
Zhang et al. 2008 [68]	N/R	N/R	M and F; N/R	National	1982, 1992, 2002	24h dietary recall × 1 day	Total dairy	7/14
Qiao et al. 2010 [90]	354	12 - 82	M and F; N/R	Hohhot	2008	Questionnaire (dairy only)	Milk, yogurt, milk powder, ice cream	8/14
Li et al. 2011 [67]	68962	N/R	M and F; N/R	National	2002	24h dietary recall × 1 day	Milk	7/14
Bao et al. 2012 [82]	3474	25 - 70	F; N/R	Shanghai	1996 - 1998, 2002 - 2004	FFQ (in person, 5-year period)	Milk	6/14
Fu et al. 2012 [66]	N/R	N/R	M and F; N/R	National	1990, 1995, 2000 - 2010	N/R	Total dairy	6/14
Yin et al. 2012 [71]	97187	≥ 18	M and F; 45.8%	National	2010	FFQ (in person, 1-year period)	Total dairy	9/14
Ba et al. 2013 [73]	1329	≥ 2	M and F; N/R	Beijing	N/R	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Milk	7/14
He et al. 2013 [88]	207	> 40	M and F; 41.5%	Shanghai	2008	FFQ (N/R, 1-year period)	Milk	5/14
Sun et al. 2014 [78]	20335	50 - 95	M and F; 28.8%	Guangzhou	2003 - 2006	FFQ (in-person, 1 week period)	Whole cow’s milk	8/14
Batis et al. 2014 [58]	9253	18 - 65	M and F; N/R	Multiple cities (provinces) A	1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Animal-based milk	7/14
Zong et al. 2014 [79]	2091	50 - 70	M and F; 41.1%	Beijing, Shanghai	2005	FFQ (N/R, N/R)	Total dairy	7/14
Tang et al. 2014 [74]	9798	≥ 40	M and F; N/R	Zhejiang	2011	24h dietary recall × 2 days	Total dairy	6/14
Fu et al. 2014 [75]	N/R	≥ 2	M and F; N/R	Hunan	1982, 1992, 2002, 2012	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Total dairy	5/14
Xu et al. 2015 [55]	2745	≥ 60	M and F; 47.4%	Multiple cities (provinces) A	2009	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Total dairy	8/14
Zhao et al. 2015 [77]	306	71.20 (7.31)^a	M and F; 48.4%	Beijing	2013	FFQ (in person, a year period)	Milk	5/14
Zou et al. 2015 [76]	5134	≥ 18	M and F; 45.4%	Zhejiang	N/R	24h dietary recall × 1 day	Total dairy	8/14
Cheng et al. 2015 [45]	1018^b	N/R	M and F; N/R	Beijing, Harbin	2010	In-person interview	Milk	7/14
Silanikove et al. 2015 [96]	N/R	N/R	M and F; N/R	National	2011	N/R	Milk, butter	5/14
Feng et al. 2016 [93]	292	18 - 65	M and F; 30.5%	Harbin	2014	IDQC; Diet diary × 3 days	Total dairy	7/14
Liu et al. 2016 [69]	16612	≥ 60	M and F; 49.0%	National	2010 - 2012	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Total dairy	8/14
He et al. 2016 [46]	N/R	N/R	M and F; N/R	National	1991 - 2006; 1990 - 2012; 2010 - 2012	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Milk	5/14
Song et al. 2017 [60]	11160	18 - 50	M and F; N/R	Multiple cities (provinces) B	2004, 2006, 2009, 2011	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Milk	8/14
Cheng et al. 2017 [54]	1703	18 - 75	M and F; 50.9%	Multiple cities (provinces) A	2009	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Total dairy	7/14
Shen et al. 2017 [57]	19475	≥ 18	M and F; 48.4%	Multiple cities (provinces) B	1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Total dairy	5/14
Tian et al. 2017 [47]	14452	42.8 (10.3)^a	M and F; 48.1%	Multiple cities (provinces) B	2004, 2006, 2009, 2011	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Total dairy	8/14
Wang et al. 2017 [63]	4221	18 - 59	M and F; 42.9%	Multiple cities (provinces) A	1989, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Total dairy	9/14
Tian et al. 2017 [61]	5547	N/R	M and F; 49.0%	Multiple cities (provinces) B	2004, 2006, 2009, 2011	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Total dairy	5/14
Ren et al. 2018 [59]	>30000	N/R	M and F; N/R	Multiple cities (provinces) B	2011	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Total dairy	6/14
Liu et al. 2018 [70]	2552	79.42 (0.11)^a	M and F; 50.0%	National	2010 - 2012	24h dietary record × 3days	Milk	7/14
Guo et al. 2019 [95]	6073	≥ 18	M and F; 39.1%	Northern China	2014 - 2016	IDQC	Milk, yogurt, milk powder	9/14
Huang et al. 2019 [62]	4921	≥ 60	M and F; 47.4%	Multiple cities (provinces) C	2015	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Total dairy	5/14
Song et al. 2020 [94]	3871	≥ 18	M and F; 43.9%	Dalian	2014 - 2016	IDQC	Milk, yogurt, milk powder	6/14
Zhang et al. 2020 [80]	2389	56.70 (9.99)^a	M and F; 57.0%	Guangdong	2010 - 2018	FFQ (in person, 1 year period)	Total dairy	9/14
Cheng et al. 2020 [87]	239	44.29 (9.12)^a	M and F; 66.1%	Sichuan	2019	FFQ (phone interview, 2 weeks period)	Total dairy	6/14
He et al. 2020 [72]	84880	60.7 (10.3)^a	M and F; 46.4%	National	2014 - 2015	Questionnaire	Milk	7/14
Song et al. 2020 [85]	117	72.2 (8.5)^a	M and F, 45.3%	Wuhan	2020	FFQ (online & in person, N/R)	Milk	6/14
Wang et al. 2020 [83]	18214	> 50	M and F, 29%	Guangzhou	2003 - 2006	FFQ (in person, a week period)	Milk	9/14
Wang et al. 2020 [92]	2289	27.5 (12.0)^a	M and F, 51.4%	National	2020	Questionnaire	Total dairy	7/14
Yang et al. 2021 [91]	2702	37.3 (12.0)^a	M and F, 29.3%	Changsha	2020	Questionnaire	Milk and Yogurt	6/14
Zhou et al. 2021 [84]	552	39 (14)^a	M and F, 50.2%	Tibet	2020	FFQ (in person, N/R)	Total dairy	6/14
Shuai et al. 2021 [86]	1780	58 (6.0)^a	M and F, 27.0%	Guangzhou	2008 - 2013	FFQ (in person, 1 year period)	Total dairy	7/14
Na et al. 2022 [64]	14711	42.0 (32.0, 54.0)^c	M and F, 46.8%	Multiple cities (provinces) B	1997 - 2011	24h dietary recall × 3 days	liquid cow’s milk, yogurt, milk powder, and cheese	8/14
Wang et al. 2022 [65]	6320	≥ 60	M and F, 47.3%	Multiple cities (provinces) D	1991, 2000, 2015	24h dietary recall × 3 days	Total dairy	8/14

F Female, M Male, FFQ Food frequency questionnaire, IDQC Validated Internet-based dietary questionnaire for Chinese, N/R Not reported;
Multiple cities (provinces) A, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Guangxi, Guizhou; Multiple cities (provinces) B, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, and Shandong; three megacities (Beijing, Chongqing, and Shanghai) were included in 2011; Multiple cities (provinces) C, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Beijing, Chongqing, and Shanghai; Multiple cities (provinces) D, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, and Shandong; three provinces (Shaanxi, Yunnan, and Zhejiang) were added in 2015.
^aMeans and standard deviations; ^bNumber of subjects = sample means of household size × number of households; ^cMedian (interquartile range)

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