Table 3 Comparison of reported dairy consumption across different geographical location groups
From: Dairy consumption in adults in China: a systematic review
Author, year | Population size | Survey (location, year) | Location group (number, age) | Reported intake | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhai et al. 2007 [56] | 30666 | Multiple cities (provinces) A; 1989, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004 | Total population, (age range: 18 - 45 years) Location groups (year, number)a, Urban: 1989 (806), 1991 (851), 1993 (671), 1997 (717), 2000 (630), 2004 (599) Rural: 1989 (2731), 1991 (3015), 1993 (2829), 1997 (2565), 2000 (2645), 2004 (2272) | Total dairy, Total sample: 1989 (2 g/d), 1991 (4 g/d), 1993 (3 g/d), 1997 (3 g/d), 2000 (6 g/d), 2004 (12 g/d); Urban: 1989 (5 g/d), 1991 (5 g/d), 1993 (7 g/d), 1997 (9 g/d), 2000 (17 g/d), 2004 (25 g/d) Rural: 1989 (1 g/d), 1991 (2 g/d), 1993 (1 g/d), 1997 (1 g/d), 2000 (2 g/d), 2004 (6 g/d) | Milk consumption increases tended to be dominated by residents living in different locations. Urban consumers consumed more dairy than people living in rural area, and were more likely to have increased intake of milk. |
Fuller et al. 2007 [38] | 942b c | Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou; 2001 | Total population, (age range: ≤ 60 years) Location groupsa, North: Beijing, n = 300 South: Shanghai, n = 300, Guangzhou, n = 342 | Milk, yogurt, milk powder, ice cream, Milk, Beijing, 56.83 kg/y Guangzhou, 27.35 kg/y Shanghai, 51.45 kg/y Yogurt, Beijing, 17.08 kg/y Guangzhou, 7.06 kg/y Shanghai, 7.64 kg/y Milk powder, Beijing, 0.84 kg/y Guangzhou, 1.14 kg/y Shanghai, 0.68 kg/y Ice cream, Beijing, 4.08 kg/y Guangzhou, 2.41 kg/y Shanghai, 0.59 kg/y | Beijing had the significant higher purchases of yogurt (P-value not given). Milk consumption per capita in Guangzhou was only around half of the consumption in other two cities. The consumers in Beijing had higher amount of intake of ice cream than Shanghai and Guangzhou. |
Zhang et al. 2008 [68] | N/R | National; 1982, 1992, 2002 | Total population, N/R Location groupsad, Urban Rural | Total dairy, Urban: 1982 (9.9 g/d), 1992 (36.1 g/d), 2002 (65.8 g/d); Rural: 1982 (7.3 g/d), 1992 (3.8 g/d), 2002 (11.4 g/d) | People living in urban area consumed more dairy products than people living in rural area. |
Li et al. 2011 [67] | 68962 | National; 2002 | Total population, N/R Location groupsade, National Urban Rural North South Coastal Inland | Milk, National: 26.60 g/d Urban: 65.80 g/d Rural: 11.40 g/d North: 33.38 g/d South: 22.24 g/d Coastal: 32.65 g/d Inland: 25.62 g/d | Compared urban residents, rural population reported lower milk intakes. People living in northern and coastal areas had higher intakes of milk than people living in south and inland respectively. (The P-value was not given.) |
Yin et al. 2012 [71] | 97187 | National; 2010 | Total population, (age range: ≥ 18 years) Location groupsa, East, n = 14591 Central, n = 13838 West, n =16065 | Total dairy, (median intake) East, 57.1 g/d Central, 35.7 g/d West, 35.7 g/d | Eastern residents had significant higher intakes of dairy products than people living in central and western. (P < 0.01) |
Zong et al. 2014 [79] | 2091 | Beijing, Shanghai; 2005 | Total population, (age range: 50 - 70 years) Location groupsa, Urban, n = 876 Rural, n = 1215 North, n = 953 South, n = 1138 | Total dairy, Amount of intake not reported | People from northern and urban area had higher dairy consumption. |
Cheng et al. 2015 [45] | 1018 | Beijing, Harbin; 2010 | Total population, N/R Location groupsa, Beijing, n = 576 Harbin, n = 442 | Milk, National: 13.98 kg/y Beijing : 78 kg/y Harbin : 56 kg/y | The average per capita milk consumption in Beijing is higher than in Harbin. The consumption in both cities were much higher than consumption at the national level (13.98 kg). |
He et al. 2016 [46] | N/R | N/R; 2012 | Total population, N/R Location groupsad, Big city Small and medium sized city Normal rural area Poor rural area (The classification of different areas was not given.) | Milk, Big city: 64.3 g/d Small and medium sized city: 24.2 g/d Normal rural area: 9.1 g/d Poor rural area: 4.9 g/d | There were considerable differences in milk consumption in different areas. The residents living in big cities consumed much more milk than people who lived in small or medium sized cities. Compared with citizens, people in rural areas had less intakes of milk. |
Tian et al. 2017 [47] | 14452 | Multiple cities (provinces) B, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 | Total population, 42.8 (10.3)f years Location groupsa, Urban, n = 4610 Rural, n = 9842 | Total dairy, Urban: 30.9 (72.1)f g/d Rural: 5.1 (36.7)f g/d | Urban residents had significantly higher consumption of milk and its products than the rural population. (P < 0.05) |
Wang et al. 2017 [63] | 4221 | Multiple cities (provinces) B; 1989, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 | Total population, (age range: 18 - 59 years) Location groupsa, Urban, n = 3231 Rural, n = 990 | Total dairy, Urban 1989, 5.24 (38.64)f g/d 1991, 9.85 (50.21)f g/d 1993, 10.98 (50.90)f g/d 1997, 8.74 (49.46)f g/d 2000, 16.27 (62.39)f g/d 2004, 32.64 (86.45)f g/d 2006, 26.50 (88.06)f g/d 2009, 23.98 (70.64)f g/d 2011, 52.52 (115.47)f g/d Rural 1989, 0.51 (9.37)f g/d 1991, 0.88 (18.25)f g/d 1993, 0.42 (9.51)f g/d 1997, 0.59 (10.46)f g/d 2000, 1.52 (16.57)f g/d 2004, 4.70 (38.91)f g/d 2006, 6.27 (54.02)f g/d 2009, 5.36 (49.69)f g/d 2011, 8.53 (43.38)f g/d | There was significant difference between dairy consumption of urban and rural population in 1989-2011. (P < 0.0001) |
He et al. 2020 [72] | 84880 | National; 2014 - 2015 | Total population, 60.68 (10.3)f years Location groupsa, Urban, n = 40660 Rural, n = 44220 | Milk, Low milk consumption Urban: n = 34980 (45.3%) Rural: n = 42242 (54.7%) High milk consumption Urban: n = 5680 (74.17%) Rural: n = 1978 (25.83%) | Between the population with low and high consumption of milk, it shows significant differences in living location (urban and rural). |
Na et al. 2022 [64] | 14711 | Multiple cities (provinces) B; 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 | Total population, 42.0 (32.0, 54.0)g Location groupsa, East, n = 5616 Centra, n = 5450 West, n = 3645 Urban, n = 5526 Rural, n = 9185 | Total dairy, 0.1 - 100 g/d East: n = 1086 (19.3%) Centra: n = 688 (12.6%) West: n = 267 (7.33%) Urban: n = 1386 (25.1%) Rural: n = 655 (7.13%) > 100 g/d East: 710 (12.6%) Centra: 69 (1.27%) West: 123 (3.37%) Urban: 742 (13.4%) Rural: 160 (1.74%) | Eastern residents had significant higher percentage of dairy consumer than central and western. (P < 0.001) There was significant higher percentage of dairy consumers in urban area compared to rural area. (P < 0.001) |
Wang et al. 2022 [65] | 6320 | Multiple cities (provinces) D; 1991, 2000, 2015 | Total population, Location groupsa, Urban, n = 2482 Rural, n = 3838 | Total dairy, Urban: 40.4 g/d Rural: 10.6 g/d | Urban residents consumed higher amount of dairy than people living in rural. (P < 0.05) |