Table 4 Comparison of reported dairy consumption across different sex groups
From: Dairy consumption in adults in China: a systematic review
Author, year | Population size | Survey (location, year) | Sex group (number, age) | Reported intake | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zong et al. 2014 [79] | 2091 | Beijing, Shanghai; 2005 | Total population, (age range: 50 - 70 years) Sex groupsa, Male, n = 859 Female, n = 1232 | Total dairy, Amount of intake not reported | Females had higher dairy consumption at study entry than males. |
Sun et al. 2014 [78] | 20335 | Guangzhou; 2003 - 2006 | Total population (age range: 50 - 95 years) Sex groups, Male, n = 5853, 64.7 (6.3)b years, Female, n = 14482, 61.9 (6.7)b years | Whole cow’s milk, (percentage of consuming > 250 ml/week): Male: 25% Female: 27% | Females had higher percentage of intakes of over 250 ml milk per week than males. |
Xu et al. 2015 [55] | 2745 | Multiple cities (provinces) A; 2009 | Total population (age range: ≥ 60 years) Sex groupsa, Male, n = 1300 Female, n = 1445 | Total dairy, Median (IQR) Male, 60 - 69 years: 200 g/d; 87 - 250 g/d ≥ 70 years: 162 g/d; 83 - 250 g/d, Female, 60 - 69 years: 167 g/d; 83 - 234 g/d ≥ 70 years: 167 g/d; 83 - 241 g/d | Only 10% of elders consumed dairy foods. For those who ate dairy, it showed that males consumed more dairy than females in age group 60-69. Besides, less females met the recommended intake than males for dairy, but with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.46). |
Liu et al. 2016 [69] | 16612 | National; 2010 - 2012 | Total population (age range: ≥ 60 years) Sex groupsa, Male, n = 8148 Female, n = 8464 | Total dairy, Male, 32.07 g/d Female, 33.03 g/d | The average intake of dairy in males was lower than females, but it’s not statistically significant. (P > 0.05) |
Cheng et al. 2017 [54] | 1703 | Multiple cities (provinces) A; 2009 | Total population (age range: 18 - 75 years) Sex groups, Male, n = 866, 44.0 (14.1)b years Female, n= 837, 41.2 (12.6)b years | Total dairy, Male: 9.4 (1.4)b g/d Female: 17.8 (2.5)b g/d | Among people in general health, females had higher consumption of dairy products than males. |
Tian et al. 2017 [47] | 14452 | Multiple cities (provinces) B; 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 | Total population 42.8 (10.3)b years Sex groupsa, Male, n = 6949 Female, n = 7503 | Total dairy, Male:11.8 (45.8)b g/d Female: 15.5 (58.4)b g/d | Males reported a significantly lower consumption of dairy products than female. (P < 0.05) |
Tian et al. 2017 [61] | 5547 | Multiple cities (provinces) B; 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 | Total population 45.4 (11.9)b years Sex groupsa, Male, n = 2720 Female, n = 2827 | Total dairy, Total sample: 13.7 (44.2)b g/d Male: 12.7 (40.4)b g/d Female: 14.8 (47.5)b g/d | It showed that overweight females had a higher consumption of dairy than males, but not significant difference. (P > 0.05) |
Song et al. 2017 [60] | 11160 | Multiple cities (provinces) B; 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 | Total population (age range: 18 - 50 years) Sex groupsac, Male, N/A Female, N/A | Milk, Male: 10.54 g/d Female: 13.13 g/d | Females had higher consumption of milk than males among the population of age group (18 - 50). |
Wang et al. 2017 [63] | 4221 | Multiple cities (provinces) A; 1989, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 | Total population (age range: 18 - 59 years) Sex groupsa, Male, n = 1811 Female, n = 2410 | Total dairy , Male 1989, 2.47 (25.42)b g/d 1991, 3.88 (34.22)b g/d 1993, 3.41 (28.18)b g/d 1997, 3.3 (29.63)b g/d 2000, 5.49 (33.47)b g/d 2004, 12.20 (52.50)b g/d 2006, 10.36 (45.75)b g/d 2009, 10.64 (61.89)b g/d 2011, 22.55 (69.93)b g/d Female 1989, 1.66 (21.53)b g/d 1991, 3.5 (30.07)b g/d 1993, 3.69 (30.26)b g/d 1997, 3.38 (30.75)b g/d 2000, 7.12 (43.19)b g/d 2004, 15.92 (67.56)b g/d 2006, 15.56 (83.42)b g/d 2009, 12.37 (54.45)b g/d 2011, 29.89 (94.08)b g/d | Since 1993, females had higher intakes of dairy than males, and the difference was significant. (P < 0.0001). However, the maximum difference was less than 7 g/d. |
Guo et al. 2019 [95] | 6073 | Northern China; 2014 - 2016 | Total population (age range: ≥ 18 years) Sex groupsa, Male, n = 2375 Female, n = 3698 | Total dairy, (percentage of males in different quartilesd of mean daily intakes) Q1: 47.23%, Q2: 37.72%, Q3: 36.36%, Q4: 35.02% | It showed that there was a higher consumption of dairy in females than males. (P < 0.001) |
He et al. 2020 [72] | 84880 | National; 2014 - 2015 | Total population, 60.68 (10.3) b years Sex groupsa, Male, n = 39365 (46.38%) Female, n = 45515 (53.62%) | Milk, Low consumption Male: n = 36276 (46.98%) Female: n = 40946 (53.02%) High consumption Male: n = 3086 (40.34%) Female: n = 4569 (59.66%) | In high milk consumption population, a higher percentage of females was reported. |
Wang et al. 2020 [92] | 2289 | National; 2020 | Total population 27.5 (12.0)b years Sex groups, Male, n = 1176, 26.8 (11.9)b years Females, n = 1113, 28.2 (12.1)b years | Total dairy, Amount of intake not reported | Males reported higher frequency of dairy consumption (P < 0.01), and greater amount of dairy than females. |
Zhou et al. 2021 [84] | 552 | Tibet; N/R | Total population, 39 (14)b years Sex groupsa, Male, n = 277 (50.2%) Female, n = 275 (49.8%) | Total dairy, Amount of intake not reported | Males reported higher consumption of dairy than females. |
Shuai et al. 2021 [86] | 1780 | Guangzhou; 2008 - 2013 | Total population, 58 (6.0)b years Sex groupsa, Male, n = 574 (32.2%) Females, n = 1206 (67.8%) | Total dairy, (consumers in total population) < 1 serving /month Female, 114 (52.8%) ≥ 0.5 serving /day Female, 561 (72.8%) | People with high dairy intakes were more likely to be females. |
Na et al. 2022 [64] | 14711 | Multiple cities (provinces) B; 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 | Total population, 42.0 (32.0, 54.0)e Sex groupsa, Male, n = 6884 Female, n = 7827 | Total dairy, 0.1 - 100 g/d Male, n = 911(13.2%) Female, n = 1130 (14.4%) > 100 g/d Male, n = 378 (5.49%) Female, n = 524 (6.69%) | High dairy consumption group tended to be females, and non-consumption group tended to be males. (P = 0.001) |
Wang et al. 2022 [65] | 6320 | Multiple cities (provinces) D; 1991, 2000, 2015 | Total population, Sex groupsa, Male, n = 2987 Female, n = 3333 | Total dairy, Male, 20.3 g/d Female, 20.2 g/d | There was no significant difference between the dairy consumption in males and females. |