Table 2 Multi-level mixed effect logistic regression on the plan to pre-lacteal feeding among mothers in Ethiopia, 2019 PMA-ET dataset

Age

 15–24 years

1

1

1

 25–34 years

0.81 ( 0. 449, 1.449)

0.81(0. 448, 1.477)

 35–49 years

0. 58 (0. 258,1.306)

0.60(0. 263, 1.381)

Educational status

 Not attending higher education

2.3(1.17,1 4.432)

2.5 (1.204, 5.351)

 attend higher education

1

1

1

wealth status

Poor

3.7 (1.613, 8.655)

11.1(3.482, 35.175)

Middle

1.3(0. 536, 3.244)

2.4 (0.851, 6.967)

Rich

1

1

1

Desired delivery place

 Not At the Health facility

1.10(0.576, 2.128)

1.1 (0.604, 2.361)

 At Health facility

1

1

1

antenatal care

 No

1.1(0.573, 2.153)

1.1(0.568, 2.178)

 Yes

1

1

1

Place of residence

Urban

1.6(0.684, 3.804)

2.4(0.951, 6.116)

Rural

1

1

1

Region

Tigray

1.8(0.041, 77.00)

1.5 (0.028, 83.526)

Afar

8.9(0.146, 553.716)

5.7(0.069, 468.585)

Amhara

0.9(0.022,34.861)

0.6 (0.011, 28.505)

Oromia

0.8 (0.019 29.779)

0.6 (0.012, 28.293)

Somali

7.9 (0.138 460.365)

7.3(0.095, 556.709)

Benishangul-Gumuz

2.7(0.027 263.015)

1.9(0.015, 257.216)

South nation nationalities of people

2.0 (0.051 80.313)

1.5(0.030, 75.737)

Gambella

6.7(0.029,1532.778)

6.3(0.021, 1957.159)

Harari

0.7(0.001,128.766)

0.9(0.003, 222.703)

Addis Ababa

0.9(0.020, 49.052)

1.0(0.016 63.287)

Dire Dawa

1

1

Community education status

Lower

0.84(0.352, 2.001)

0.7(0.243, 1.992)

Higher

Community wealth status

Lower

1.4(0.574, 3.309)

0.2(0.043, 0.509)

Higher

1

1

Random effects

Variance

5.7

5.6

5.3

5.1

The intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) in %

63.4

62.9

61.7

60.7

Median odds ratio (MOR)

9.6

9.5

8.9

8.5

Explained variance (PCV %)

Reference

1.8

7

10.5