Table 1 Study details
ID | Author | Publication year | Country | Design | Blinding | Sample size | Exposure | Length of follow-up | Study Population | Significant results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Bislev, L. S. et al | 2018 | Aarhus, Denmark | Prospective RCT | Double-blind | 81 | vitamin D3 70 µg/day (2800 IU/day) | 12 weeks | postmenopausal women aged 60–80 with secondary hyperparathyroidism (PTH > 6.9 pmol/l) and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels < 50 nmol/l | No changes in plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma renin concentration (PRC), Increased high density lipoprotein (HDL), no effects on RAAS activity, reduced PTH |
2 | Boxer, R. S. et al | 2014 | United states of America | Prospective RCT | Double-blind | 64 | 50,000 IU vitamin D3 per week | 6 months | Mean age [SD] = 65.9 ± 10.4 years, NYHA class II–IV, 25(OH)D < 37.5 ng/mL | Decreased PAC ends up down regulating RAAS activity |
3 | Grubler, M. R. et al | 2016 | Austria | Prospective RCT | Double-blind | 188 | 2800 IU of vitamin D3 as seven oily drops per day | 8 weeks | Mean age [SD] = 60.1 ± 11.3 years with arterial hypertension and a 25(OH)D serum concentration below 30 ng/mL | Meaningful decrease in PAC, no effect on PRC |
4 | Pliz, S. et al | 2015 | Austria | Prospective RCT | Double-blind | 188 | 2800 IU vitamin D3 as 7 oily drops per day | 8 weeks | Mean age [SD] = 60.1 ± 11.3 years with arterial hypertension and a 25(OH)D serum concentration below 30 ng/mL | Significant increase in triglycerides but no significant effect on BP and several cardiovascular risk factors |
5 | Schroten, N. F. et al | 2013 | Netherlands | Prospective RCT | Single-blind | 101 | 2000 IU oral daily | 6 weeks | Mean age [SD] = 64 ± 10 years with CHF (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] b45%) | Decrease in plasma renin activity (PRA) and PRC |
6 | Zitterman, A. et al | 2018 | North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany | Prospective RCT | Double-blind | 165 | 4000 IU daily | 8 weeks | Vit D group mean age [SD] = 54.5 ± 9.7 years, placebo mean age [SD] = 51.3 ± 10 years advanced heart failure | Increase in PRC and PAC, no effect on RAAS activity |