Table 2 Results of bivariate analyses on factors associated with household food insecurity among residents of Waliso town, Oromia, Ethiopia 2021/22 (N = 396)

Sex

0.002*

 Male

176(59.1)

122(40.9)

1.00

 Female

75(76.5)

23(23.5)

2.26(1.34, 3.81)

0.002

Age

0.222

 18–29

38(69.1)

17(30.9)

1

 30–39

94(59.1)

65(40.9)

0.65(0.34, 1.24)

0.192

 40–49

81(69.2)

36(30.8)

1.00(0.50, 2.01)

0.985

  >  = 50

38(58.5)

27(41.5)

0.63(0.30, 1.34)

0.230

Educational Level

0.001*

 Not attend formal education

63(79.7)

16(20.3)

5.14 (2.63, 10.03)

0.001

 Elementary

75(72.1)

29(27.9)

3.37(1.90, 6.00)

0.001

 Secondary

67(62.6)

40(37.4)

2.19(1.26, 3.78)

0.005

 Diploma and above

46(43.4)

60(56.6)

1.00

Marital status

0.012*

 Single

14(58.3)

10(41.7)

1.00

 Married

166(59.1)

115(40.9)

1.03(0.44, 2.4)

0.943

 Divorced

40(81.6)

9(18.4)

3.18(1,07, 9.41)

0.037

 Widowed

31(73.8)

11(26.2)

2.01(0.70, 5.83)

0.197

Family size

 (1–3)

52(53.6)

45(46.4)

1.00

0.072*

 4–5

139(66.8)

69(33.2)

1.74(1.07, 2.85)

0.027

 6 + 

60(65.9)

31(34.1)

1.68(0.93, 3.02)

0.086

Dependent number

0.024*

 No (0)

32(48.5)

34(51.5)

1.00

 (1–2)

163(66.8)

81(33.2)

2.14(1.23,3.71)

0.007

  > 3

56(65.1)

30(34.9)

1.98(1.03, 3.82)

0.041

Employment status

.000*

 Un Employed

51(79.7)

13(20.3)

5.29(2.34, 11.93)

.000*

 Self Employed

61(67.0)

30(33.0)

2.74(1.37, 5.49)

.004*

 Wage laborer

63(86.3)

10(13.7)

8.49(3.60, 20.03)

.000*

 GO/NGO Employee

53(46.5)

61(53.5)

1.17(0.61, 2.25)

.636

 Merchant

23(42.6)

31(57.4)

1.00

Food sources

0.117*

 Self-Production

14(51.9)

13(48.1)

1.00

 Market- Purchase

227(63.4)

131(36.6)

1.61(0.73, 3.53)

0.235

 Donation

10(90.9)

1(9.1)

9.29(1.04, 82.96)

0.046

Had Bank Account

0.046*

 Yes

217(61.6)

135(38.4)

1

 No

34(77.3)

10(22.7)

2.12(1.012, 4.420)

Consumes Alcohol

0.799

 Yes

62(64.6)

34(35.4)

1

 No

198(63)

111(37)

1(0.66, 1.73)

Chews chat

0.631

 Yes

37(60.7)

24(39.3)

1

 No

214(63.9)

121(36.1)

1.15(0.655, 2.01)

Wealth index

0.001*

 Poor

104(78.8%)

28(21.2%)

5.03(2.89, 8.73)

0.001*

 Medium

96(66.7%)

48(33.3%)

2.71(1.64, 4.74)

0.001*

 Rich

51(42.5%)

69(57.5%)

1.00