Table 2 Total energy, macronutrient, dietary fiber and alcohol intake
From: Nutritional status of flexitarians compared to vegans and omnivores - a cross-sectional pilot study
Parameter [unit/day] | FX | P FX-V | V | P V-OMN | OMN | P FX-OMN | P overall | Recommendations | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D-A-CHc [28] | EFSAd [29] | ||||||||
\(\widetilde{{\varvec{x}}}({\varvec{I}}{\varvec{Q}}{\varvec{R}})\) | \(\widetilde{{\varvec{x}}}({\varvec{I}}{\varvec{Q}}{\varvec{R}})\) | \(\widetilde{{\varvec{x}}}({\varvec{I}}{\varvec{Q}}{\varvec{R}})\) | |||||||
Total Energy [kcal]f | |||||||||
 Total | 2160 (1885–2672) | n.s | 2063 (1654–2488) | n.s | 2064 (1877–2349) | n.s | 0.478a | n.s | n.s |
 f | 2098 (1884–2197) | n.s | 1979 (1599–2318) | n.s | 1935 (1877–2107) | n.s | 0.772a | 2100 | 2078 |
 m | 2598 (2292–2919) | n.s | 2127 (1886–2918) | n.s | 2323 (1816–2759) | n.s | 0.333a | 2700 | 2579 |
Carbohydrates [EN%] | |||||||||
 Total | 43.4 (39.0–48.3) | n.s | 47.0 (40.3–51.7) | n.s | 38.9 (34.4–41.9) | n.s | 0.463a | ≥ 50 | 45–60 |
 f | 43.9 (37.8–49.8) | 0.899 | 42.4 (35.5–50.9) | 0.024 | 37.7 (34.4–42.4) | 0.301 | 0.028b | n.s | n.s |
 m | 43.4 (42.0–46.8) | 0.279 | 49.1 (42.5–52.6) | 0.013 | 39.9 (35.5–41.9) | 0.771 | 0.016a | n.s | n.s |
Fat [EN%] | |||||||||
 Total | 36.2 (32.0–40.3) | n.s | 32.8 (27.5–42.2) | n.s | 40.4 (34.7–42.6) | n.s | 0.805b | 30 | 20–35 |
 f | 35.8 (31.0–39.0) | n.s | 36.2 (30.2–47.2) | n.s | 40.7 (32.3–43.0) | n.s | 0.278b | n.s | n.s |
 m | 38.8 (32.5–40.7) | 0.096 | 30.9 (25.7–37.2) | 0.027 | 39.9 (37.5–42.0) | 1.000 | 0.021b | n.s | n.s |
Protein [EN%] | |||||||||
 Total | 14.5 (12,8–16.1) | 0.237 | 13.4 (11.7–14.6) | 0.001 | 16.1 (14.2–18.7) | 0.135 | 0.001a | 20 | n.s |
 f | 14.2 (13.3–15.9) | 0.287 | 12.5 (11.6–14.2) | ≤ 0.001 | 16.5 (15.2–20.7) | 0.072 | 0.001a | n.s | n.s |
 m | 15.8 (12.8–16.3) | n.s | 13.8 (12.5–16.2) | n.s | 15.8 (13.8–17.7) | n.s | 0.371b | n.s | n.s |
Protein [g/kg body weight] | |||||||||
 Total | 1.11 (0.98–1.37) | n.s | 0.97 (0.74–1.29) | n.s | 1.20 (0.98–1.43) | n.s | 0.104a | n.s | 0.83e |
 f | 1.11 (0.96–1.33) | 0.371 | 0.96 (0.77–1.17) | 0.032 | 1.20 (1.08–1.44) | 0.754 | 0.035a | n.s | n.s |
 m | 1.12 (1.02–1.54) | n.s | 1.02 (0.66–1.49) | n.s | 1.13 (0.87–1.40) | n.s | 0.398b | n.s | n.s |
Dietary fiber [g] | |||||||||
 Total | 28.9 (23.5–37.6) | 0.013 | 40.6 (30.9–52.8) | ≤ 0.001 | 18.8 (16.7–25.4) | ≤ 0.001 | 0.001a | 30 | 25 |
 f | 27.2 (23.2–30.9) | 0.114 | 38.1 (28.3–50.3) | ≤ 0.001 | 19.5 (18.7–22.9) | 0.050 | 0.001a | n.s | n.s |
 m | 34.6 (27.6–39.2) | 0.272 | 42.0 (35.3–59.5) | ≤ 0.001 | 18.0 (13.2–25.6) | 0.004 | 0.001a | n.s | n.s |
Alcohol [g] | |||||||||
 Total | 4.58 (0.18–9.07) | 0.033 | 0.00 (0.00–0.73) | 0.054 | 3.12 (0.00–13.1) | 1.000 | 0.016a | n.s | n.s |
 f | 2.84 (0.18–9.70) | n.s | 0.03 (0.00–0.55) | n.s | 0.17 (0.00–3.12) | n.s | 0.052a | 10 | n.s |
 m | 5.68 (0.36–8.92) | n.s | 0.00 (0.00–12.6) | n.s | 7.58 (1.80–15.9) | n.s | 0.064a | 20 | n.s |