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Table 4 Nutrient adequacy from food alone by cognitive function status among females 60 + years of age

From: Higher intake of certain nutrients among older adults is associated with better cognitive function: an analysis of NHANES 2011–2014

  

Total CFT Composite Z-Score

  

Z-score Q1

 

Z-score Q2

 

Z-score Q3

Z-score Q4

  

n = 352

 

n = 313

 

n = 279

n = 204

  

% < EAR

 

Nutrient

EAR

% ± SE

 

% ± SE

 

% ± SE

% ± SE

 Vitamin A, RAE (μg)

500

44 ± 3.5

*

44 ± 4.1

*

29 ± 4.4

28 ± 4.0

 Vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol (mg)

12

97 ± 1.2

*

94 ± 1.4

*

85 ± 3.7

82 ± 4.4

 Vitamin D (D2 + D3) (μg)

10

97 ± 1.3

 

97 ± 0.9

 

97 ± 1.3

96 ± 1.6

 Vitamin C (mg)

60

46 ± 2.7

 

44 ± 4.5

 

34 ± 4.1

36 ± 3.9

 Thiamin (Vitamin B1) (mg)

0.9

19 ± 2.1

*

12 ± 2.6

 

10 ± 2.6

6 ± 2.5

 Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg)

0.9

6 ± 0.9

*

4 ± 0.9

 

 < 3

 < 3

 Niacin (mg)

11

6 ± 1.7

*

 < 3

 

 < 3

 < 3

 Vitamin B6 (mg)

1.3

37 ± 4.3

*

29 ± 3.5

 

22 ± 4.1

19 ± 3.7

 Folate, DFE (μg)

320

28 ± 2.7

*

20 ± 3.4

 

21 ± 3.9

16 ± 3.7

 Vitamin B12 (μg)

2

10 ± 2.7

 

8 ± 1.8

 

6 ± 2.0

4 ± 1.4

 Calcium (mg)

1000

81 ± 2.9

 

78 ± 3.8

 

78 ± 3.4

69 ± 5.4

 Iron (mg)

5

 < 3

 

 < 3

 

 < 3

 < 3

 Magnesium (mg)

265

70 ± 3.6

*

62 ± 3.9

*

49 ± 4.0

40 ± 5.1

 Phosphorus (mg)

580

4 ± 1.2

*

 < 3

 

 < 3

 < 3

 Zinc (mg)

6.8

33 ± 4.5

*

25 ± 4.2

 

21 ± 3.8

13 ± 4.4

 Copper (mg)

0.7

19 ± 2.6

*

13 ± 3.1

*

7 ± 1.7

4 ± 1.6

 Selenium (μg)

45

3 ± 1.2

*

 < 3

 

 < 3

 < 3

 

AI

% > AI

 

 Vitamin K (μg)

90

44 ± 3.6

*

49 ± 4.6

*

75 ± 4.5

77 ± 4.7

 Total choline (mg)

425

 < 3

 

 < 3

 

 < 3

4 ± 1.8

 Potassium (mg)

2600

23 ± 3.4

*

28 ± 3.6

*

41 ± 4.1

46 ± 5.4

 Dietary fiber (g)

21

13 ± 3.1

 

14 ± 2.1

 

22 ± 3.1

22 ± 3.4

  1. Model 2: covariates for day of the week (weekday/weekend), sequence of the dietary recall (day 1 or 2), whether the participant reported use of any dietary supplement in the past 30 days, and age (60–69 y, 70–79 y, 80 + y), education, race/ethnicity, marital status, PIR, comorbidities (CHD, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, cancer), kidney function (GFR and albuminuria), BMI, smoking status, physical activity, and alcohol intake
  2. Estimated values of % < EAR or % > AI less than 3% or greater than 97% are expressed “ < 3” and “ > 97”, respectively, and the SE’s are not displayed, in accordance with the USDA’s practice in reporting nutrient adequacy. Statistical comparisons were conducted using the estimated values < 3% or > 97%
  3. *Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to Q4