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Table 6 Nutrient intake and adequacy from food alone by depression status among females 60 + years of age

From: Higher intake of certain nutrients among older adults is associated with better cognitive function: an analysis of NHANES 2011–2014

  

Nutrient Intakes

% < EAR

 

PHQ Score

 < 10

 

10 + 

 < 10

 

10 + 

  

n = 1109

 

n = 129

n = 1109

 

n = 129

Nutrient

EAR

Mean ± SE

 

Mean ± SE

% ± SE

 

% ± SE

 Vitamin A, RAE (μg)

500

631 ± 18

*

501 ± 45

34 ± 2.7

*

55 ± 8.7

 Vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol (mg)

12

7.9 ± 0.2

 

7 ± 0.6

89 ± 2.1

 

93 ± 3.1

 Vitamin D (D2 + D3) (μg)

10

4.4 ± 0.1

*

3.8 ± 0.3

96 ± 1.0

 

98 ± 0.8

 Vitamin C (mg)

60

82 ± 3

*

64 ± 7

38 ± 2.4

*

55 ± 6.4

 Thiamin (Vitamin B1) (mg)

0.9

1.34 ± 0.03

 

1.3 ± 0.07

11 ± 1.9

 

14 ± 3.9

 Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg)

0.9

1.82 ± 0.03

 

1.77 ± 0.09

3 ± 0.7

 

4 ± 1.4

 Niacin (mg)

11

19.3 ± 0.4

 

18.2 ± 0.9

 < 3

 

4 ± 2.1

 Vitamin B6 (mg)

1.3

1.67 ± 0.03

 

1.52 ± 0.12

26 ± 2.1

 

36 ± 8.1

 Folate, DFE (μg)

320

455 ± 11

 

447 ± 29

21 ± 2.6

 

23 ± 5.2

 Vitamin B12 (μg)

2

4.03 ± 0.12

 

3.94 ± 0.34

7 ± 1.5

 

7 ± 3.3

 Calcium (mg)

1000

830 ± 23

 

769 ± 44

75 ± 3.0

 

83 ± 4.8

 Iron (mg)

5

12.4 ± 0.3

 

12.6 ± 0.7

 < 3

 

 < 3

 Magnesium (mg)

265

266 ± 5

*

241 ± 12

53 ± 2.5

*

66 ± 6.0

 Phosphorus (mg)

580

1134 ± 22

*

1046 ± 44

 < 3

 

4 ± 1.3

 Zinc (mg)

6.8

9 ± 0.2

 

8.5 ± 0.5

22 ± 2.8

 

29 ± 6.6

 Copper (mg)

0.7

1.1 ± 0.03

 

1 ± 0.07

10 ± 1.3

 

18 ± 5.0

 Selenium (μg)

45

91 ± 2

*

81 ± 3

 < 3

 

3 ± 1.4

 

AI

   

% >AI

  

 Vitamin K (μg)

120

126 ± 5

*

97 ± 11

63 ± 2.9

*

45 ± 8.0

 Total choline (mg)

550

274 ± 6

*

242 ± 12

 < 3

 

 < 3

 Potassium (mg)

3400

2415 ± 45

*

2130 ± 109

37 ± 2.6

*

22 ± 5.6

 Dietary fiber (g)

30

16 ± 0.4

*

13.5 ± 0.9

19 ± 2.0

*

9 ± 3.4

 Lutein + zeaxanthin (μg)

NA

1876 ± 131

*

1075 ± 158

   

 PFA 20:5 (Eicosapentaenoic) (g)

NA

0.02 ± 0.002

*

0.01 ± 0.002

   

 PFA 22:6 (Docosahexaenoic) (g)

NA

0.09 ± 0.007

*

0.05 ± 0.011

   
  1. Model 2: covariates for day of the week (weekday/weekend), sequence of the dietary recall (day 1 or 2), whether the participant reported use of any dietary supplement in the past 30 days, and age (60–69 y, 70–79 y, 80 + y), education, race/ethnicity, marital status, PIR, comorbidities (CHD, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, cancer), kidney function (GFR and albuminuria), BMI, smoking status, physical activity, and alcohol intake
  2. Estimated values of % < EAR or % > AI less than 3% or greater than 97% are expressed “ < 3” and “ > 97”, respectively, and the SE’s are not displayed, in accordance with the USDA’s practice in reporting nutrient adequacy. Statistical comparisons were conducted using the estimated values < 3% or > 97%
  3. *Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in UI, % < EAR, or % > AI from food alone between PHQ scores of < 10 and 10 +