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Table 7 Nutrient intake and adequacy from food alone by depression status among males 60 + years of age

From: Higher intake of certain nutrients among older adults is associated with better cognitive function: an analysis of NHANES 2011–2014

  

Nutrient Intakes

% < EAR

 

PHQ Score

 < 10

10 + 

 < 10

10 + 

  

n = 1134

n = 81

n = 1134

n = 81

Nutrient

EAR

Mean ± SE

Mean ± SE

% ± SE

% ± SE

 Vitamin A, RAE (μg)

625

788 ± 53

626 ± 90

39 ± 3.0

59 ± 11.9

 Vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol (mg)

12

9.8 ± 0.3

8.9 ± 1.1

75 ± 2.5

81 ± 8.0

 Vitamin D (D2 + D3) (μg)

10

5.5 ± 0.2

4.4 ± 0.8

93 ± 1.9

97 ± 2.7

 Vitamin C (mg)

75

92 ± 4

74 ± 12

50 ± 2.7

62 ± 9.1

 Thiamin (Vitamin B1) (mg)

1

1.77 ± 0.03

1.76 ± 0.17

5 ± 1.1

6 ± 4.3

 Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg)

1.1

2.42 ± 0.07

2.4 ± 0.28

 < 3

 < 3

 Niacin (mg)

12

27.2 ± 0.4

27.4 ± 2.4

 < 3

 < 3

 Vitamin B6 (mg)

1.4

2.28 ± 0.05

2.18 ± 0.25

9 ± 1.8

12 ± 7.1

 Folate, DFE (μg)

320

590 ± 16

560 ± 66

8 ± 1.7

12 ± 7.1

 Vitamin B12 (μg)

2

5.9 ± 0.3

5.2 ± 0.9

 < 3

5 ± 4.0

 Calcium (mg)

800a

986 ± 22

997 ± 116

34 ± 1.6

33 ± 11.8

 Iron (mg)

6

16.9 ± 0.3

16.4 ± 1.7

 < 3

 < 3

 Magnesium (mg)

350

332 ± 6

323 ± 36

61 ± 1.9

65 ± 11.7

 Phosphorus (mg)

580

1467 ± 18

1440 ± 123

 < 3

 < 3

 Zinc (mg)

9.4

12.2 ± 0.2

12 ± 0.9

22 ± 3.3

25 ± 8.7

 Copper (mg)

0.7

1.4 ± 0.04

1.3 ± 0.13

 < 3

4 ± 3.3

 Selenium (μg)

45

119 ± 1.4

120 ± 7

 < 3

 < 3

 

AI

  

% >AI

 

 Vitamin K (μg)

120

125 ± 6

116 ± 26

42 ± 3.6

37 ± 14.4

 Total choline (mg)

550

374 ± 6

355 ± 29

5 ± 1.5

3 ± 2.6

 Potassium (mg)

3400

3067 ± 54

2888 ± 273

33 ± 2.5

26 ± 9.8

 Dietary fiber (g)

30

19.5 ± 0.5

18.6 ± 2.5

9 ± 1.9

7 ± 5.3

 Lutein + zeaxanthin (μg)

NA

1660 ± 125

1167 ± 343

  

 PFA 20:5 (Eicosapentaenoic) (g)

NA

0.03 ± 0.003

0.02 ± 0.004

  

 PFA 22:6 (Docosahexaenoic) (g)

NA

0.10 ± 0.010

0.08 ± 0.014

  
  1. Model 2: covariates for day of the week (weekday/weekend), sequence of the dietary recall (day 1 or 2), whether the participant reported use of any dietary supplement in the past 30 days, and age (60–69 y, 70–79 y, 80 + y), education, race/ethnicity, marital status, PIR, comorbidities (CHD, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, cancer), kidney function (GFR and albuminuria), BMI, smoking status, physical activity, and alcohol intake
  2. aEAR for males 51—70 y is 800 mg and the EAR for males 71 + y is 1000 mg. An EAR of 800 mg was selected to conservatively estimate the percent below the EAR
  3. Estimated values of % < EAR or % > AI less than 3% or greater than 97% are expressed “ < 3” and “ > 97”, respectively, and the SE’s are not displayed, in accordance with the USDA’s practice in reporting nutrient adequacy. Statistical comparisons were conducted using the estimated values < 3% or > 97%
  4. *Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in UI, % < EAR, or % > AI from food alone between PHQ scores of < 10 and 10 +