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Table 2 Overall whole grain, calorie and nutrients intakes among the children (n = 391)

From: The associations between whole grain, sugar and nutrients intakes in schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study

Intakes

Sex

Mean

SD

Median

IqR

RNI (%)

Whole grain (g)

Boys (n = 184)

12.5

12.4

9.7

16.6

26.0¥

 

Girls (n = 207)

12.9

18.5

7.4

15.0

26.7¥

Calorie (kcal) *

Boys (n = 184)

1517.7

257.7

1474.6

333.8

89.8

 

Girls (n = 207)

1450

218.6

1421.4

284.9

96.7

Carbohydrate (g)

Boys (n = 184)

179.1

41.1

174.3

51.3

-

 

Girls (n = 207)

175.2

37.2

173.9

49.7

-

Protein (g) **

Boys (n = 184)

65.0

18.6

64.1

22.2

100

 

Girls (n = 207)

57.4

14.5

56.9

17.6

100

Fat (g) †*

Boys (n = 184)

60.3

15.5

58.9

19.2

-

 

Girls (n = 207)

57.1

12.2

57.2

17.7

-

Dietary fibre (g)

Boys (n = 184)

3.4

2.1

3.0

2.5

15.0

 

Girls (n = 207)

3.5

2.4

2.9

2.6

14.3

Calcium (mg)

Boys (n = 184)

442.9

188.2

404.1

269.6

34.1

 

Girls (n = 207)

419.0

188.1

374.3

223.9

32.2

Thiamine (mg)

Boys (n = 184)

0.83

0.51

0.71

0.63

69.2

 

Girls (n = 207)

0.89

1.56

0.70

0.70

80.9

Riboflavin (mg)

Boys (n = 184)

0.99

0.55

0.93

0.77

76.2

 

Girls (n = 207)

1.03

0.57

0.95

0.75

100

Niacin (mg)

Boys (n = 184)

10.36

5.46

9.99

7.86

64.8

 

Girls (n = 207)

10.11

5.70

9.13

6.55

63.2

Sugar (g)

Boys (n = 184)

22.4

14.2

20.9

19.3

5.9‡‡

 

Girls (n = 207)

22.4

15.4

20.5

21.9

6.2††

  1. RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intakes for Malaysia 2017; IqR: Interquartile range
  2. ¥ Based on the USDA recommendation of 48 g per day
  3. ‡‡Based on the World Health Organization recommendation, sugar intake should be less than 10% of total energy intake
  4. Mann-Whitney U test applied; Independent sample t-test applied; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005