Table 1 Descriptive statistics and Chi-square values for HDSS households
Total n = 880 | % | Household Food Insecurity | χ2 | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | % | Yes | % | |||||
n = 742 | 84% | n = 138 | 16% | |||||
Head of Household Characteristics | ||||||||
Age | ||||||||
< 40 | 218 | 25% | 190 | 26% | 28 | 20% | 3.5 | 0.324 |
41–50 | 265 | 30% | 224 | 30% | 41 | 29% | ||
51–60 | 179 | 20% | 149 | 20% | 30 | 21% | ||
60+ | 218 | 25% | 176 | 24% | 42 | 30% | ||
Sex | ||||||||
Female | 303 | 34% | 257 | 35% | 46 | 33% | 0.2 | 0.622 |
Male | 577 | 66% | 482 | 65% | 95 | 67% | ||
Ethnicity | ||||||||
Amhara | 222 | 25% | 210 | 28% | 12 | 9% | 23.8 | < 0.001 |
Other | 658 | 75% | 529 | 72% | 129 | 91% | ||
Education | ||||||||
No Formal Education | 361 | 41% | 278 | 38% | 83 | 59% | 21.9 | < 0.001 |
Some Level of Education | 510 | 58% | 453 | 62% | 57 | 40% | ||
Occupation | ||||||||
Farmer | 320 | 36% | 250 | 34% | 70 | 50% | 25.7 | < 0.001 |
Student | 59 | 7% | 55 | 7% | 4 | 3% | ||
Professional | 161 | 18% | 152 | 21% | 9 | 6% | ||
Sales | 75 | 9% | 63 | 9% | 12 | 9% | ||
Housewife | 81 | 9% | 67 | 9% | 14 | 10% | ||
Day Laborer | 67 | 8% | 54 | 7% | 13 | 9% | ||
Other work | 21 | 2% | 18 | 2% | 3 | 2% | ||
Unemployed/Retired | 87 | 10% | 72 | 10% | 15 | 11% | ||
Household Level Characteristics | ||||||||
Urbanicity | ||||||||
Kersa (Rural) | 440 | 50.0% | 361 | 48.8% | 79 | 56.0% | 2.4 | 0.118 |
Harar (Urban) | 440 | 50.0% | 378 | 51.2% | 62 | 44.0% | ||
Household Size | ||||||||
1–2 | 146 | 16.6% | 127 | 17.2% | 19 | 13.5% | 9.5 | 0.050 |
3–4 | 257 | 29.2% | 219 | 29.6% | 38 | 27.0% | ||
5–6 | 247 | 28.1% | 215 | 29.1% | 32 | 22.7% | ||
7–8 | 171 | 19.4% | 138 | 18.7% | 33 | 23.4% | ||
9+ | 59 | 6.7% | 43 | 5.8% | 16 | 11.3% | ||
Children Under Age 5 | ||||||||
No | 578 | 65.7% | 496 | 67.1% | 82 | 58.2% | 4.2 | 0.040 |
Yes | 302 | 34.3% | 243 | 32.9% | 59 | 41.8% | ||
Adults Over Age 60 | ||||||||
No | 644 | 73.2% | 552 | 74.7% | 92 | 65.2% | 5.4 | 0.020 |
Yes | 236 | 26.8% | 187 | 25.3% | 49 | 34.8% | ||
Income (Birr) | ||||||||
4,600+ | 174 | 19.8% | 164 | 22.2% | 10 | 7.1% | 25.6 | < 0.001 |
3,001–4,600 | 134 | 15.2% | 119 | 16.1% | 15 | 10.6% | ||
2,001–3,000 | 168 | 19.1% | 139 | 18.8% | 29 | 20.6% | ||
1,201–2,000 | 210 | 23.9% | 166 | 22.5% | 44 | 31.2% | ||
0–1,200 | 193 | 21.9% | 150 | 20.3% | 43 | 30.5% | ||
Wealth Index | ||||||||
Richest | 179 | 20.3% | 175 | 23.7% | 4 | 2.8% | 44.5 | < 0.001 |
Richer | 173 | 19.7% | 153 | 20.7% | 20 | 14.2% | ||
Middle | 180 | 20.5% | 144 | 19.5% | 36 | 25.5% | ||
Poorer | 173 | 19.7% | 136 | 18.4% | 37 | 26.2% | ||
Poorest | 175 | 19.9% | 131 | 17.7% | 44 | 31.2% | ||
Job Loss | ||||||||
No | 392 | 44.5% | 347 | 47.0% | 45 | 31.9% | 10.2 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 488 | 55.5% | 392 | 53.0% | 96 | 68.1% | ||
Food Price Increase | ||||||||
No | 356 | 40.5% | 326 | 44.1% | 30 | 21.3% | 25.6 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 524 | 59.5% | 413 | 55.9% | 111 | 78.7% | ||
Pre-Covid Food Insecurity | ||||||||
No | 792 | 90.0% | 733 | 99.2% | 59 | 41.8% | 438.6 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 87 | 9.9% | 5 | 0.7% | 82 | 58.2% | ||