Nutritional status of people who inject drugs in Coastal Kenya: a cross-sectional study

BMC Nutrition

Table 3 Nutrition status using anthropometry stratified by drug use status of IDUs, non-

IDUs and non-DUs in Coastal Kenya between 2012–2013
All participants		Drug Use Status
Variables		Non- DUs	Non-IDUs	IDUs	p-value
Variables	(N = 752)	(N = 306)	(N = 75)	(N = 371)	p-value
Body Mass Index (BMI)
< 18.5	263 (35)	69 (23)	25 (33)	169 (46)	< 0.001
18.5 to 24.9	420 (56)	180 (59)	40 (53)	200 (54)
≥ 25	69 (9.2)	57 (19)	10 (13)	2 (0.5)
MUAC*
Underweight	130 (17)	35 (11)	15 (20)	80 (22)	< 0.001
Normal	391 (52)	103 (34)	27 (36)	261 (70)
Overweight/obese	231 (31)	168 (55)	33 (44)	30 (8.1)
Waist circumference^#
Normal	568 (76)	160 (52)	51 (68)	357 (76)	< 0.001
Overweight	184 (24)	146 (48)	24 (32)	14 (3.8)
Waist-for-hip ratio^$
Low	467 (62)	143 (47)	50 (67)	274 (74)	< 0.001
Moderate	123 (16)	58 (19)	8 (11)	57 (15)
High	162 (22)	105 (34)	17 (23)	40 (11)
Anaemia^¶
None	379 (50)	174 (57)	43 (57)	162 (44)	0.001
Mild/moderate	352 (47)	122 (40)	28 (37)	202 (54)
Severe	21 (2.8)	10 (3.3)	4 (5.3)	7 (1.9)

All p-values are from Chi-square test; * Mid upper arm Circumference *Underweight MUAC < 23.9 cm, Normal is MUAC ≥ 24.0 to 28 cm for male and MUAC ≥ 24.0 to 28.3 cm for female, Overweight/obese is MUAC ≥ 28.1 cm for male and MUAC ≥ 28.4 cm for female; #Overweight waist circumference > 94 cm for male and > 80 cm for female; $low is defined as ratio < 0.8 for female & <0.95 for male, moderate is ratio 0.81 to 0.85 for female & 0.96 to 0.99 for male, high is ratio ≥ 0.86 for female and ≥ 1.0 for male; ¶No anaemia hemoglobin ≥ 12 g/dl for female or ≥ 13 g/dl for male, mild/moderate anaemia hemoglobin 8 to 11.9 g/dl for female and 8 to 12.9 g/dl for male, severe anaemia hemoglobin < 8.0 g/dl for both male & female

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