Cross-continental national nutrition surveys: a narrative review

Alkhaldy, Areej A.; Aljaadi, Abeer M.; Jalil, Abbe M. Mhd.; Alyoubi, Doaa A.; Saleemani, Haneen H.; Eid, Ruba H.; Almohmadi, Najlaa H.; Al-Otaibi, Hala H.; Ajabnoor, Sarah M.

doi:10.1186/s40795-024-00868-4

BMC Nutrition

Table 2 Design of identified national nutrition surveys

From: Cross-continental national nutrition surveys: a narrative review

Country	Survey name	Survey level^a	Survey design	Year of first cycle	Year of last cycle	Interval of survey cycles	Population age	Sampling method	Sample size^a	RR^a (%)	Ref
Canada	CHMS	Both	Ongoing	2007	2020	Every 2 y	3–79 y	Stratified three-stage	5000–10000 Individuals	50%—75%	[12]
Canada	CCHS	Individual	Ended	2004	2015	Not regular	≥ 1 y	Stratified three-stage	> 20,000 Individuals	50%—75%	[13]
US	NHANES	Both	Ongoing	1960	2022	Every 2 y	All groups	Complex, multistage, probability	5000–10000 Individuals	50%—75%	[8]
UK	NDNS	Both	Ongoing	2008	2019	Annually	≥ 1.5 y	Random sampling	1000–5000 Individuals	25%—45%	[4]
Greece	HNNHS	Both	Ended	2013/2015	NA	Not regular	Adults + children	Random stratified	1000–5000 Individuals	50%—75%	[21]
Greece	HYDRIA	Individual	Ended	2013/2014	NA	Not regular	≥ 18 y	Stratified two-stage random	1000–5000 Individuals	25%—50%	[22, 23]
Poland	WOBASZ	Both	Ongoing	2003/2005	2013/2014	Every 10 y	Adults	Stratified three-stage	5000–10000 Individuals	25%—50%	[24]
Portugal	IAN-AF	Individual	Ongoing	1980	2015/2016	Not regular	3 mo-84 y	Multistage	5000–10000 Individuals	25%—50%	[25, 26]
Spain	ENALIA 2	Individual	Ongoing	2012	2014/2015	Not regular	18–75 y	Random	1000–5000 Individuals	50%—75%	[27]
Switzerland	The National Nutrition Survey (menuCH)	Individual	Ended	2014/2015	NA	Not regular	18–75 y	Random three-stage	1000–5000 Individuals	< 25%	[28, 29]
Turkey	TNHS	Both	Ongoing	1974	2017	Every 5 y	All groups	Weighted, multistage, stratified cluster	5000–10000 Individuals; 15,000–20000 Households	> 75%	[30]
Russia	RLMS	Both	Ongoing	1994	2013/2014	Annually	All groups	Multistage probability	15,000–20000 Individuals; 5000–10000 Households	> 75%	[31, 32]
Czech Republic	SISP	Individual	Ended	1990	2010	Not regular	4–90 y	Systematic random	1000–5000 Individuals	25%—50%	[33, 34]
Finland	FINDIET	Individual	Ongoing	1972	2017	Every 5 y	18–74 y	Stratified random	1000–5000 Individuals	50%—75%	[35, 36]
Hungary	Hungarian National Food Consumption Survey among adults	Individual	Ended	2018/2020	NA	Not regular	10–74 y	Stratified random	1000–5000 Individuals	50%—75%	[37]
Iceland	Icelandic NNS	Individual	Ended	1990	2010/2011	Not regular	18–80 y	Random	1000–5000 Individuals	50%—75%	[38]
Austria	Austrian Nutrition Survey	Individual	Ongoing	1998	2018	Every 4 y	18–64 y	Multistage cluster	1000–5000 Individuals	NS	[39]
Belgium	BNFCS	Both	Ended	2004	2014/2015	Not regular	3–64 y	Multistage stratified	1000–5000 Individuals	NS	[40]
Denmark	DANSDA	Individual	Ongoing	1985	2011/2013	Not regular	4–75 y	Probability	5000–10000 Individuals	50%—75%	[41,42,43]
France	ESTEBAN	Individual	Ongoing	1993/1994	2014/2016	Not regular	6–74 y	Stratified random	1000–5000 Individuals	25%—50%	[44]
Germany	NVS	Both	Ongoing	1985	2007	Not regular	14–80 y	Stratified two-stage	15,000–20000 Individuals	25%—50%	[45, 46]
Ireland	NANS	Individual	Ended	2008/2010	NA	Not regular	≥ 18 y	Random	1000–5000 Individuals	50%—75%	[47, 48]
Italy	INRAN-SCAI	Individual	Ended	1980	2005/2006	Not regular	0.1–97.7 y	Multistage stratified sampling	1000–5000 Individuals	25%—50%	[14, 49]
Netherlands	DNFCS	Individual	Ongoing	2003	2019/2021	Not regular	1–79 y	Stratified	1000–5000 Individuals	50%—75%	[50]
Japan	NHNS	Both	Ongoing	1946	2019	Annually	All groups	Stratified random	5000–10000 Individuals; 1000–5000 Households	50%—75%	[6]
Mongolia	Mongolia NNS	Both	Ongoing	1992	2017	Not regular	15–49 y + children	Stratified cluster-randomized	5000–10000 Individuals; 1000–5000 Households	> 75%	[51]
South Korea	KNHANES	Both	Ongoing	1998	2019	Annually	≥ 1 y	Multistage clustered probability	10,000–15000 Individuals	> 75%	[52]
China	CHNS	Both	Ongoing	1989	2015	Not regular	Adults + children	Multistage random cluster	> 20,000 Individuals; 5000–10000 Households	NS	[53]
India	NNMB Survey	Both	Ongoing	1974	2015/2016	Every 5 y	≥ 20 y	Multistage stratified random	> 20,000 Individuals	> 75%	[54]
Philippines	NNS	Both	Ongoing	1978	2021	Every 5 y	All groups	Multistage stratified	> 20,000 Individuals; > 20,000 Households	> 75%	[9]
Singapore	NNS	Individual	Ongoing	1993	2018	Every 6 y	18–69 y	Stratified	< 1000 Individuals	50%—75%	[55]
Singapore	NPHS	Both	Ongoing	1992	2021/2022	Annually	18–79 y + children and seniors	Two-stage	5000–10000 Individuals; 5000–10000 Households	50%—75%	[55]
Taiwan	NAHSIT	Both	Ongoing	1980	2013/2016	Every 5 y	All groups	Multistage, stratified, clustered, probability	1000–5000 Individuals; 5000–10000 Households	50%—75%	[11]
Thailand	TFCS	Individual	Ended	2004/2005	NA	Not regular	≥ 3 y	Stratified three-stage	15,000–20000 Individuals	> 75%	[56]
Saudi Arabia	SHIS	Both	Ended	2013	NA	Not regular	≥ 15 y	Multistage stratified probability	10,000–15000 Individuals; 10,000–15000 Households	> 75%	[57]
Saudi Arabia	National Survey of Health, Diet, Physical Activity and Supplements among adults	Individual	Ended	2018	NA	Not regular	≥ 18 y	Stratified random	1000–5000 Individuals	NS	[58]
Saudi Arabia	KSAWHS	Both	Ongoing	2010	2019	Every 5 y	≥ 15 y	Stratified three-stage, probability proportional to population size	5000–10000 Individuals; 5000–10000 Households	> 75%	[59]
Kuwait	KNNS	Both	Ended	2008/2009	NA	Not regular	3–86 y	Stratified cluster	1000–5000 Individuals; 1000–5000 Households	< 25%	[60]
United Arab Emirates	UAEWHS	Both	Ongoing	2003	2018	Every 5 y	Adults + children + pregnant women	Multistage cluster	5000–10000 Individuals; 10,000–15000 Households	> 75%	[61]
Australia	NHS/NNPAS	Both	Ongoing	1989/1990	2020/2021	Every 2 y	> 2 y	Multistage random	10,000–15000 Individuals; 5000–10000 Households	> 75%	[62]
New Zealand	NZANS	Both	Ended	1977	2008/2009	Not regular	≥ 15 y	Multistage, stratified, probability proportional to size sample design	1000–5000 Individuals	NS	[63]

Abbreviations: RR response rate
^aSurvey level: only surveys conducted among individuals or individuals and households (both). Sample size: reported as the average number per cycle. RR%: response rate is based on the average rate of overall completion of major elements of the survey

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