Food sources of energy and nutrients in the diets of infants and toddlers in urban areas of China, based on one 24-hour dietary recall

Table 1 Food group classifications among infants and toddlers 6–35 months from the MING study

Milk and milk products	Other grains/grain products^e	Peaches/nectarines/plums
Breast milk	Flour/baking ingredients^f	Pears
Infant formula	Vegetables	Grapes
Growing-up milk^a	Broccoli	Melons
Milk^b	Chinese cabbages	Dried fruits
Soy milk	Coles	Other fruitsⁱ
Cheese	Celeries	100 % juice
Yogurt	Carrots	Baby food fruits
Meat/poultry/fish/meat alternates	Corn	Desserts and sweets
Beef	Green beans	Cakes/pies
Lamb	Eggplants	Cookies
Sausages	Peas	Ice cream
Pork	Potatoes	Honey
Organ meats	Pumpkins	Chocolates
Chicken/duck	Spinach	Candy
Fish/shellfish/shrimps	Sweet potatoes/yams	Sugar/syrups/jams/jellies/other sweeteners
Eggs^c	Tomatoes/tomato sauce	Other desserts
Other meat^d	Pickles	Sweetened beverages
Soy/tofu/meat substitutes	Other root vegetables^g	Other
Nuts/seeds	Other leafy vegetables^h	Salad dressings/mayonnaise
Baby food meat	Other baby food vegetables	Oil/other fats^j
Grains and grain products	Fruits	Condiments^k
Infant cereal	Apples/applesauce	Chips/puffed food/other salty snacks
Bread/biscuits	Apricots	Salts^l
Pancakes/sesame seed cakes	Kiwi fruits	Soups
Noodles	Dragon fruits	Other beverages^m
Rice	Mangoes	Supplements
Millets	Jujube	Vitamin and mineral supplements
Steamed bread	Bananas	Other supplements
Cornmeal	Berries
Other baby food grains	Citrus fruits

^aFortified milk for young children
^bIncludes cow’s milk and goat’s milk
^cIncludes eggs reported separately and eggs included in disaggregated food mixtures
^dIncludes donkey, horse, dog, rabbit and turkey meat
^eIncludes buckwheat, barley, glutinous rice, highland barley and sorghum
^fIncludes flour, corn-starch, yeast and baking powder included in disaggregated food mixtures
^gIncludes white radish, asparagus, water chestnut, lotus root, onion, winter squash and bean sprout, peppers, cucumbers, mushrooms and balsam pear
^hIncludes Chinese leeks, baby cabbage, lettuce, coriander, fennel, heartleaf houttuymia herb, fiddlehead, crown daisy and Shepherd’s purse
ⁱIncludes pineapple, cherries, papaya, hawthorn, persimmon, pomegranate, coconut and mangosteen
^jIncludes olive oil, soybean oil, canola oil, lard oil, butter and fats included in disaggregated food mixtures
^kIncludes shallot, garlic, ginger, Chinese red pepper, peppermint, vinegar, soy sauce and other condiment sauces
^lIncludes cooking salts and salts included in disaggregated food mixtures
^mIncludes unsweetened tea and coffee and alcoholic beverages

ISSN: 2055-0928